中学写作中常见的九种句子错误语法2023思维导图

一词性误用

词性误用常表现为：介词错用为动词，形容词错用为副词，名词错用为动词等。

例:

They earn some money so that they can independence.

他们挣钱是为了自立。

解析：independence是名词，句中误用为动词。

改为：They earn some money so that they can be independent.

二修饰语错位

英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置，可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被同学们所忽视，因而造成了不必要的误解。

例:

I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

我相信我会做得很好，而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解。

解析：better位置不当，应置于句末。

改为：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.

三句子不完整

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思，不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这常常发生在主句写完以后，学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。

例:

There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.

了解社会的途径有很多，比如可以通过电视、广播和报纸。

解析：本段后半部分"For example, by TV, radio and newspaper."不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。

改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.

四主谓不一致

英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。

例:

Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.

人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。

解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。

改为：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.

五指代不清

指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。

例:

1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

2.We can also know the society by serving it yourself.

1. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.

2. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

1. There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.

2. The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。