2022年中学英语动词不定式语法整理思维导图

不定式做主语，通常用it充当形式主语，把做主语的不定式短语后置。如∶

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.

掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如:

said/reported/thought/be/believed/known/supposed+ to do sth.

Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.

不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导，但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导∶

absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。

如∶

Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.

It' s clever of you to have invented such a device.

agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, offer, manage, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear， tend， try， venture， wait， wish。

如∶

Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.

tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do

This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.

ambition to do "干……的雄心"

be ambitious to do"有雄心干……"

curiosity to do "对……的好奇心"→be curious to do"对……好奇"ability to do"做……的能力"→able to do"有能力做……"

According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species' ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.

way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。

如∶

I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.

We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.

Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.

如∶

To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be pesistent.

I advise them to withdraw so as not to get involved.

如∶

The solution works only for couples who are self -employed, don' t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.

常见的不定式动词有find，hear，see，be told，form，give，make，produce等。如∶

Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.

如∶I am only too pleased to hear from you further.能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。

注意∶

1)有的动词要求特殊疑问词+不定式做宾语，这类动词有

consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe， remember， see， tell， understand， wonder，如∶While still a young boy, Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

2)如果该特殊疑问词在不定式中做个词宾语，介词往往置于该特殊疑问词的前面。如∶

The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory. Without facts, we cannot form worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge upon which to base our thinking.