高二英语备考：详解英语16种时态用法之过去完成时思维导图

1. 过去完成时的定义

过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already, before, ever, just, never, still, yet)，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如：

When I got to the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。

We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week. 到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。

He had stayed here for two days before he left. 他走之前在这儿呆了两天。

He said that he had lived there since he was ten. 他说他十岁起就住在那儿了。

2. 过去完成时的结构

过去完成时由"had + 过去分词"构成。

3. 过去完成时的应用

(1) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在"过去的过去"。如：

He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。

He had written three stories by last year. 到去年他已经写了三篇故事。

We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。

He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。

注意：当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。

He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。

(2) 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：

He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。

They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。

(3) 在hardly / scarcely …when…, no sooner…than… 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：

Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。

Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。

No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。

(4) 动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：

I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。

He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。

4. 过去完成时与一般过去时

(1) 过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调"过去的过去"，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：

He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)

He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)

(2) 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如：

He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。