chapter 4 word formation思维导图
chapter 4 word formation
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思维导图大纲
chapter 4 word formation思维导图模板大纲
Affixation：generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or devational affixes to bases.
Prefixation
the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases.
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Suffixation
the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.
Compounding：the formation of new words by joining 2 or more bases.
Characteristics of compounds
Formation of compounds
Conversion：the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class
Conversion to nouns
Conversion to verbs
Conversion to adjectives
Changes involved in conversion
Blending：the formation of new words by combing parts of 2 words or word plus a part of another word and vice versa.
head+tail
head+head
head+word
word+tail
Clipping：another common way of making a word is to shorten or clip a longer word
Front clipping
Back clipping
Front and back clipping
Phrase clipping
Acronymy：the process of forming new words by jioning the initial letters of composite names of social and political organizations or phrases uesd as technical terms.
Intitialisms
letters representing fukll words
VOA
representing constituents in a compound or just parts of a word
TV
Acronymys
Pure acronyms
NATO
Hybird acronyms
G-man
Back-formation：is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation
Abstract nouns
Agential nouns
Compound nouns and others
Adjectives
Sound Reduplication
words to imitate pure sounds
words to suggest alternating movements
words to disparage
words to intensify
Commomization of Proper Names
words from Proper Names
Morphological Processing
Use of Commonized Words
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