高考英语易错的知识点思维导图

—What do you think the ______ should do first? —They should learn to take ______ as well as share rights in life.

A. grown-up; responsibility

B. growns-up; responsibility

C. grown-ups; responsibilities

D. growns-ups; responsibilities

有些考生以为grown是复合名词的中心词，其复数形式应该在grown后面加-s;另一方面认为responsibility是不可数名词，没有复数形式，从而错选B。其实，grown-up没有中心名词，其复数形式应该在up后面加-s;同时根据语境可知，responsibility指义务，该单词作"义务，职责"讲时，是可数名词，故正确答案选C。

对不可数名词的应用判断失误

— I find it very difficult to read ____ novel you lent me last week.

— Yes. It’s necessary to have _____ good knowledge of history.

A. the; 不填B. a; 不填C. the; aD. a; a

考生可能以为第一个空是特指对方上周所借给"我"的小说，故应填定冠词;第二个空后面是抽象名词，为不可数名词，不填冠词，于是错选A。然而，此处knowledge之前须用不定冠词，have a good knowledge of意为"对……很了解"，是固定搭配，故正确答案选C。

定冠词与不定冠词判断失误

— When did you meet her last?

— I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was ____ Friday when I went to the shop to buy ____ football.

A. a; aB. 不填; aC. the; 不填D. 不填; 不填

有些考生可能认为这两个空后面的名词前都不用冠词，从而错选D。其实，指一个特定的星期几时前面须用不定冠词;表示一个足球时，前面也须用不定冠词，故正确答案选A。

冠词与零冠词应用判断失误

— What do you think is the difference between _____ man and ____ woman?

— I don’t think there’s any difference.

A. the; theB. a; aC. 不填; 不填D. a; the

it用作形式主语及形式宾语时判断失误

I would appreciate _____ if you could come and help me with my work.

A. thatB. it C. this D. one

很多考生认为this或that可以指代上文或下文所出现的内容，于是误选A或C。其实，用于指代后面整个句子的内容且作形式宾语时，只能用it，故答案选B。

名词的格的误用

— Look! This is _______.

— Very beautiful. When did she take it?

A. my mother’s picture

B. my mother in the picture

C. a picture of my mother

D. a picture of my mother’s

考生可能受汉语思维的影响，错选A或B;也可能受英语双重所有格的影响，错选D。根据语境可知，正确答案选C。my mother’s picture意为"我妈妈所拥有的照片"，暗含"照片上不一定是我妈妈";my mother in the picture意为"照片中我的妈妈";a picture of my mother’s意为"我妈妈所拥有的照片中的一张"，同样，暗含"照片上不一定是我妈妈";a picture of my mother意为"我妈妈的照片(照片中的人是妈妈)"。

易错点7：it，one，that，those，ones等的用法区别

—Would you like to buy a car here?

—Yes, but I’d like to buy ____ made in Shanghai.

A. oneB. thatC. itD. this

许多考生认为此处应该用it或that指代说话双方所说的车，于是误选B或C。根据语境可知，上海制造了许多小汽车，答话者只想买其中的一辆，故正确答案选A。指代上文提到的名词时，it指代上文提到的那个东西，即同类同物;that指代抽象的事物或上文提到的同类事物的另一件东西，可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，表示特指;而one指代上文提及事物中的其中一件，只能替代可数名词，表示泛指。

the other(s)，other(s)，another，the rest等 的用法区别

I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ____ in two days?

A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others

本题考生易误选D项。其实本题是对the rest用法的考查。选项B、C均修饰可数名词，选项D相当于"the other+可数名词复数"结构，这三个选项用在本题中都不合适。the rest指代名词时，既可以指代可数名词复数，也可以指代不可数名词。在本题中，the rest指代不可数名词，相当于the rest of the work，故选A。当the rest作主语时，谓语动词单复数的使用要由the rest所指代的内容来决定。

either，both，neither，all，none等的用法易错点

His father has bought many books home, ____ but is easy enough for him to read.

A. noneB. no oneC. every oneD. some one

许多考生会根据but一词推测后面表否定意义，但是又考虑到空格后面没有介 词of，于是误选B。no one通常用来指人。根据语境可知，空格后面省略了of the books，因此正确答案选A。

no one与none的用法：

Of the two sisters, Betty is _____ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest

由题目中的two可知，横线处应为比较级结构，故选项B和D首先被排除。根据题意可知，横线处应为特指概念，故选C。在英语中，两者之间的比较应用比较级结构。句中有表示范围的of the two...时，该比较级前通常要加上the，表示特指的概念。

the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.

and the like,and what not等。

2高考英语必备语法——主语

主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中，主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如：

谓语(动词)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

could have done "本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。

might have done"本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。

should/ought to have done "本来该做某事"(而实际未做)

should not/ought not to have done "本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)

needn't have done "本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)

would rather have done "当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。