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Reading Passage

Main points: Reading less among young people has unfortunate effects.

Sub point 1: Decline sharp for literature cause missing out on important benefits.

Sub point 2: Diverting time has lowered the level of culture.

Sub point 3: Writing is likely to decline since poor standards of readers.

Lecture

Attitude: Why?

Sub Point 1:Doesn't have to be literature to be intellectually stimulating. (History, Political, creative, imagination.)

Sub Point 2: Less time with book does not mean culture is in decline. (Music and movies, more directly.)

Sub Point 3: Writers write modern literature difficult to understand.

Answers

Reading

The cane toad is a large ( kg) amphibian species native to Central and South America. It was deliberately introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that it would protect farmers' crops by eating harmful insects. Unfortunately, the toad multiplied rapidly, and a large cane toad population now threatens small native animals that are not pests. Several measures have been proposed to stop the spread of the cane toad in Australia.

One way to prevent the spread of the toad would be to build a national fence. A fence that blocks the advance of the toads will prevent them from moving into those parts of Australia that they have not yet colonized. This approach has been used before: a national fence was erected in the early part of the twentieth century to prevent the spread of rabbits, another animal species that was introduced in Australia from abroad and had a harmful impact on its native ecosystems.

Second, the toads could be captured and destroyed by volunteers. Cane toads can easily be caught in simple traps and can even be captured by hand. Young toads and cane toad eggs are even easier to gather and destroy, since they are restricted to the water. If the Australian government were to organize a campaign among Australian citizens to join forces to destroy the toads, the collective effort might stop the toad from spreading.

Third, researchers are developing a disease-causing virus to control the cane toad populations. This virus will be specially designed: although it will be able to infect a number of reptile and amphibian species, it will not harm most of the infected species; it will specifically harm only the cane toads. The virus will control the population of cane toads by preventing them from maturing and reproducing.

Listening

The cane toad won’t be as easy to get rid of as the reading suggests. The measures proposed by the reading are likely either to be unsuccessful or to cause unwanted environmental damage.

First of all, a national fence probably won’t stop the spread of the toad. That’s because young toads and toad eggs are found in rivers and streams. No matter where the fence is located, at some point there will be rivers or streams flowing from one side to the other. These waterways will be able to carry the young toads and their eggs to the other side. Since it’s only necessary for a few young toads or eggs to get through the fence in order to establish population on the other side, the fence is unlikely to be effective.

Secondly, a massive group of volunteers could have success trapping and destroying toads. But it’s likely that these untrained volunteers would inadvertently destroy many of Australia’s native frogs. Some of which are endangered. It’s not always easy to tell the cane toad apart from native frogs especially when it’s young.

Third, using the virus is a bad idea because it could have terrible consequences for cane toads in their original habitat in Central and South America. You might be wondering how can a virus released in Australia cause harm in the America. Well, Australian reptiles and amphibians are often transported to other continents by researchers or pet collectors for example. Once the animals infected by the virus reach Central and South America, the virus will attack the native cane toads and devastate their populations. That would be and ecological disaster because in the America cane toads are a native species and a vital part of the ecosystem. So if they are eliminated, the whole ecosystem will suffer.

In the reading passage,the author raises that reading less literature has caused unfortunate effects on the reading public,the cultural general and literature the contrary,the professor strongly contradicts with it.

To begin with,according to the reading passage,the author mainly talks about reading less literature cannot provide readers with intellectual contrast,the lecturer disagrees with it and she reasons that a book doesn’t have to be literature to be intellectually books,history and political analysis aren’t literature but they are often of high quality and some of those books are just as creative and well-written as novels and don’t assume that someone who isn’t reading literature isn’t reading a good book.

To be followed,the reading passage indicates that the culture is in speaker holds the opposite opinion and she says that people are not just spending less time in literature and they are spending less time with books in are many culturally valuable material that isn’t written such as a brilliant song and good are not wasting their time when they listen to good songs and watch good non-literal activities will not lower the some of those creative forms can speak more directly to contemporary concerns than literature does.

Lastly,the writer in the reading part says that it is the readers’fault to lead to the less support for comparison,the listening material presents a totally different opinion that it is the authors’fault because today’s literature is intended to be difficult to don’t assume the earlier’s generations of readers would read a lot modern literature today.

The lecture and the reading discuss ( ). The lecturer puts forward 3 pioints and effectively contradicts the opinions of the reading.

First of all, the reading says that ( ). In contrast, the lecture claims that ( ). By this way, the lecture contradicts the first opinion of the reading.

Second, the reading claims that ( ), while according to the lecture, this is not the case. The lecturer says that ( ). By casting doubt on an important peice of evidence of the reading, the lecture contradicts the second claim of the reading.

Finally, the reading states that ( ), while the lecture claims that ( ). Thus the lecture refutes the last claim of the reading.

The reading passage contends that… (详细的写) The listening material completely refutes the reading passage . It is pointed in the listening that ……(写出main idea 就行)

First, the point, stated in the reading passage, is that … In contrast, the listening passage holds the opposite opinion and believes that ……

Second, the reading passage contends that …… But the speaker in the listening says that …

Third, the author, in the reading passage, believes that …… However, the lecturer in the listening argues that ……