international investment appraisal思维导图
国际投资评估内容详述
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思维导图大纲
international investment appraisal思维导图模板大纲
a multinational company
at least 25% of its sales in other countries
trade barriers
quotas
import duty
exchange controls
embargoes
administrative controls
Types of foreign investment
direct investment
real options
实物期权：完成一个项目未来能因此接到更多项目的可能性
advantage
control the quality more easily
offer better and targeted training facilities
maintain the confidentiality
provide opportunities for risk diversification
provide with future opportunities in the invested country
government may give some grants to encourage foreign investment
license (franchise)
advantage
probably require smaller upfront costs
smaller learning curve than direct investment
a local company may understand the operational systems , therefore reduce the risk of political , cultural , legal .
joint venture
advantage
with local partner can get low cost and tax incentives
assist with marketing, cultural and language issues and dealing with government restriction and bureaucracy .
share costs with the local partner
disadvantage
if choose a bad institution will worry effects on repuation .
restrict managerial freedom of actions
merge and acquisition
investment appraisal for international projects
international fisher effect
(1+hc)/(1+hb)=(1+ic)/(1+ib)
purchasing power parity theory
(1+hc)/(1+hb)=S1/S0
disadvantage
future inflation rates are only estimates
market is dominated by speculative transactions
government intervention
expectations theory
S1/S0=F0/S0
interest rate parity theory
(1+ic)/(1+ib)=F0/S0
cross rate
交叉汇率：用于汇率换算例如：jpy-eur ，eur-ard
a double-tax treaty
taxed at the highest rate
双边税收相同时在交易发生点缴税
当本国税大于交易国时，在交易国交25%，回国补交8%
transfer pricing
转移缴税
exchange controls (from goverment )
method
banning the use of foreign currency
banning locals from possessing foreign currency
fixed exchange rates
remittance restrictions
limit the funds that can be repatriated back to the holding company
strategies to deal with
pay management charges to parents
transfer pricing
pay royalty payments to parents
interest rate of lends
Prepare a report
introsution: from the questions
assumptions : from case
risks and issues : from case
recommendation : summary
report compiled by : Date:
appendix
international trade items
free trade areas
remove barriers
same legal structure
easier for the company to set up brabches
World trade organization (WTO)
reduce the barriers to international trade . It prevent protectionist measures
Protectionist measures
advantages
protect the developing industries in locals
protect the old,declining industries
prevent ‘dumping’of goods (货物倾销) at a very cheap price
disadvantages
decreased the trade and economic growth in world
not have specialize and gain competitive advantages
securitization
traunching
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