了解基本代词的内容及用法
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代词(基础)思维导图模板大纲
主格 I,he, she, it, we, you, they。用作主语、表语或同位语
Tom is our headmaster, and he is very strict with us. 汤姆是我们的老师,他对我们很严格。(主语) The winners are he and I. 获胜者是他和我。(表语) Two employees, David and he, have worked here for five years. 两个雇员,戴维和他,已经在这里工作5年了。(同位语)
宾格:me, him, her, it, us, you, them。用作宾语、宾语补语、同位语或独立使用
Lucy is a good friend of mine, and I like her. 露西是我的好朋友之,我喜欢她。(动词宾语) Nobody knows it except me. 除了我以外,没人知道这件事。(it 是动词宾语,me 是介词宾语) I don't believe the murderers to be them.我不相信凶手是他们。(宾语补语)
人称代词让的特殊用法
表示天气、时间和距离、环境等
It's raining. 下雨了。 I's eight o'clock. 8 点了。 It's about two hours’ walk. 步行大约两个小时。
it 用于打电话时,指人
Hello. it is Susan. 喂我是苏珊。
it可指代婴儿或小孩
Look at the baby. It's laughing in its cradle. 看那个小孩,他正在摇篮里笑。
it 作形式主语或形式宾语
It's easy for him to finish all the exercises. 对他来说,做完所有的练习很容易。
it用于强调句型 it is/was+强调部分+that/who+其余部分
It is not only in public ways, but in private life equally, that wisdom is needed. 不仅在公共场合中,在私人生活中同样需要智慧
形容词性物主代词有:my,his, her, its, our, your, their。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能,可修饰名词、动名词
比较
Our students should study hard. 我们的学生应该努力学习。(说话者不在学生之内)
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。(说话者是学生)
名词性物主代词有:mine, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs。 名词性物主代词起名词作用,能作主语、宾语、表语,但不能作定语。名词性物主代词-形容词性物主代词+名词
Our school is much larger than theirs (= their school). 我们的学校比他们的大。
作宾语,此时宾语必须和主语或动作的发出者一致
Let me introduce myself. 我来介绍一下自己 The cup didn't break itsef; somebody must have broken it. 这个杯子自己是不会破的,一定有人把它打破了
作同位语,强调不是别人、正是此人
The president himself gave her the medal. 总统亲自给她须发了奖章。(主语同位语) I spoke to Sunny herself. 我向桑妮本人说的。(宾语同位语)
反身代词常用的固定搭配
teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to.. 随意吃⋯ make oneself at home 不受拘束 by oneself 独自一人地 of oneself 自发地 for oneself 替自己,为自己 lose oneself 迷路 come to oneself 苏醒 beside oneself 发狂 in itself 本身
this, these, that, those 的用法
this, that 指单数,these, those 指复数:this 和 these 指靠近说话者的东西,that 跟 those 指远离说话者的东西
电话用语中,this 指自己,that 指对方:为身旁的两人介绍,都是 this
this, that, these, those 都可和复数(或含有复数含义的)名词连用表示一段时间、一笔钱等
What about that ten dollars you borrowed from me last week? 你上个星期跟我借的那10元钱怎么样呀?(你打算什么时候还?) I‘ve been reading the book these two weeks. 这两周来我一直在读这本书。
that 和 those 可以指代前文提到的名词,以避免重复,这时后面总是接有修饰语
His dress is that (= the dress) of a gentleman, but his speech and behavior are those (=speech and behavior) of a clown. 他的衣着是绅士的衣着,可是他的言行是小丑的言行。
用于指代上文内容时,常用 that/those.指代下文时,用 this/these
Health is above wealth; this (= wealth or the latter) cannot give us so much happiness as that (= health or the former).健康胜于财富:后者(财富)不像前者(健康)能给我们那么多的幸福。
this 和 that 还可以用作副词.置于形容词或副词之前表示 so的含义
I can't walk that far (= as far as that). 我走不了那么远。 Can you spare me this mach (= as much as this)?你能分这么多给我吗?
有关this 和that 的惯用语
by this 到了这个时候 at this 一听/看到这一点 with this 于是,一面说着(一西又)for all that/this 虽然如此 That's it. 对的! That's right.是的。 Is that so?是那样吗?/是真的吗? That will do. 那正好 onupon this 于是 that is (to say)即,也就是说 That's all 仅此而已。没有了
such 作指示代词的用法
Such are the results. 结果就是如此。(主语) He is a child, and must be treated as such (= a child). 他是个孩子所以应该以小孩看待。(作介词as 的宾语)
the same 作指示代词的用法
The same may be said of his brother.他弟弟可以说也有这种情况。(主语) He bought a new car, but soon sold the same. 他买了一销新车,但不久又把它卖了。(宾语) Our views are the same. 我们的看法是相同的。(表语)
so 作指示代词的用法
so 用于代替对话中前面提到的内容,表示肯定的意思
I don't think he is an honest person and I've told him so. 我认为他不是一个诚实的人,这点我己经对他表明了。 —— Do you think Tom will come to the party?你觉得汤姆会不会来参加聚会? ——I hope so. 我希望他会来。
so 常置于句首,强调末尾的词
You have seen the film. So have I. 你看过这部电影。我也看过(这部电影)。
相互代词常用作宾语
Probably we influence each other/one another.或许我们互相影响
加’s作定语
They were holding each other's hands tightly when they were parted. 当被分开时,他们紧拉着彼此的手
疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronoun)指的是引出;特殊疑问句的代词。常见的疑问代词有:what, which, who, whom, whose 等。疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语,定语等
Who cleaned the classroom yesterday? 昨天谁打扫教室?(主语) What can we do about it? 这事我们有何办法?(宾语) What's your father?你爸爸是干什么的?(表语)
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