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there存在句式

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there be存在句式的基础知识

英语中的there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物,所以通常被称为存在句。其中的there为引导词,无词义,be为谓语动词,there be后面的名词为句子主语。

there存在句式的用法

there be结构的主谓一致问题

在there be句型中,若句子只有一个主语,谓语的数则取决于该主语的数;若有几个主语并列,则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如:

There is no cause for anxiety.不必焦虑。

There is some dirt on your coat.你的外套上有灰尘。

There are twenty children present.在座的有20个孩子。

There is a teacher and some students over there.那边有一位老师和一些学生。

there be结构的时态问题

there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现,它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式。如:

There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年失业人数将会增加。

There have been a series of car accidents at the crossing.在这个交叉路口已发生了一连串的车祸。

There had been two sea fights between them.他们之间发生了两场海战。

there be结构与情态动词连用

there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用。如:

There may be an opportunity for you to see the premier.你可能有机会见到总理。

There must be something wrong with my left arm, which is asleep.我的左臂发麻,一定出什么问题了。

There used to be a lot of troubles in that region.那个地区过去动乱不断。

there be结构的非谓语形式

there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本结构,即there being和there to be。一般说来,there being结构主要用作状语或介词宾语;There to be结构主要用作动词宾语。如:

There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.没有更进一步的情况(讨论),我就宣布闭会。

There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.现在有点希望可以解决这次争端。

We expect there to be more discussion about this.我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论。

注:用作介词宾语一般用there being,但用作介词for的宾语时,只能用there to be。比较:

They planned on there being another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议。

They planned for there to be another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议。

There be句式的特殊用法

1. There be存在句:——最原始最典型的倒装

谈到倒装句,人们都不陌生,认为它是一个很重要的句式。其实,在一个人刚刚开始学英语的时候,就已经学到了真正意义上的倒装句:There be句型。

There is a book on the desk.去掉引导词There,原来的倒装句则变成:A book is on the desk.

What is there on the desk?实际等于说:What is on the desk?

There be是倒装句,表存在,不必细说。

2. There +不及物动词+主语:——最常见的倒装

There lived an man in the forest long ago.很久以前,森林中住着一位老人。

There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座庙。

There goes the bell. Let’s have our class.铃声响了,我们上课吧。

最后一句There goes the bell. There除了引起句子结构的倒装外,还提醒听者注意。

3.“There + be +过去分词+主语”和“There + be +过去分词+主语”——最特殊的倒装

▲“There + be +过去分词+主语”,其实是被动语态的变式,去掉引导词There,还原本来面目。现在,我直接使用网友的句子为例:

There are now published millions of books very year in China.

等于:Millions of books are now published very year in China.

On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet.

等于:On the following day, a splendid banquet was held.

There was shownat the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.

等于:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shownat the exhibition.

▲“There + be +现在分词+主语”,其实是不及物动词进行时态的变式,去掉引导词There,还原本来面目。现在,我直接使用网友的句子为例:

There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve.

等于:A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden.

【我的观点】任何事物的出现都是有原因的,语言现象亦然。我认为,there的上述用法,体现了语言的3个方面。概括起来,不外乎以下几个原因:

2.修辞方面:There置于句首,旨在使句子匀称。如:There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.

若说:An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition.会显得头重脚轻。

3.语法方面:There置于句首,改变句子的正常结构。去掉引导词There之后,变成正常语序,以上三种情况的例句,分别为:

(1)There is a book on the desk.→A book is on the desk.

(2)There lived an old man in the forest long ago.→An old man lived in the forest long ago.

(3)There are now published millions of books very year in China.→Millions of books are now published very year in China.

【说明】There置于句首,如果没有实际词汇意义,往往引起句子结构的倒装。如果有实际词汇意义(“在那里”),则不然。试比较:

There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There没有实际意义)

There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”)

“there be+名词+动词”结构用法归纳

1.there be+宾语+现在分词。

现在分词表示主动关系,同时表示动作正在进行:

There is someone waiting for him.有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站着一个男人。

There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields.有一群青年在地里劳动。

有时现在分词可表示一种状态:

There’s a piano standing against the wall.靠墙有一架钢琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.我们面前有很多困难。

There is a door leading to the garden.有一座门通往花园。

有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样):

There are ten people coming to dinner.有10个人来吃晚饭。

2.there be+宾语+过去分词。

过去分词表示一种被动关系,同时表示动作已经发生:

There is nothing written on it.上面没写东西。

There were ten people killed in the accident.事故中有10人丧生。

有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构):

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back.有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house.房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。

3.there be+宾语+不定式。

不定式通常表示动作尚未发生:

There was nobody to look after the child.没有人照顾这孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off.有一大群人要来给他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks.可能会有很大的损失,因此我们不能冒险。

【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时,可用主动表被动,也可用被动式:

There is much work to do [to be done].有许多工作要做。

有时其中的不定式为系表结构:

There is nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的。

What was there to be afraid of.有什么可怕的?

There’s nothing to be ashamed of.没有什么值得羞愧的。

there存在句式的用法讲解视频

特殊句式相关的其他视频

倒装用法讲解

高考冲刺:倒装、强调、省略、反意疑问句等特殊句型

主谓一致和倒装

it用法及强调句型

省略与it的用法

英语语法省略

省略用法讲解

我存在,我表达There be句型精讲

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