there存在句式思维导图
there存在句式
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there存在句式思维导图模板大纲
there be存在句式的基础知识
英语中的there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物，所以通常被称为存在句。其中的there为引导词，无词义，be为谓语动词，there be后面的名词为句子主语。
there存在句式的用法
there be结构的主谓一致问题
在there be句型中，若句子只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
There is no cause for anxiety.不必焦虑。
There is some dirt on your coat.你的外套上有灰尘。
There are twenty children present.在座的有20个孩子。
There is a teacher and some students over there.那边有一位老师和一些学生。
there be结构的时态问题
there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现，它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式。如：
There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年失业人数将会增加。
There have been a series of car accidents at the crossing.在这个交叉路口已发生了一连串的车祸。
There had been two sea fights between them.他们之间发生了两场海战。
there be结构与情态动词连用
there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用。如：
There may be an opportunity for you to see the premier.你可能有机会见到总理。
There must be something wrong with my left arm, which is asleep.我的左臂发麻，一定出什么问题了。
There used to be a lot of troubles in that region.那个地区过去动乱不断。
there be结构的非谓语形式
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本结构，即there being和there to be。一般说来，there being结构主要用作状语或介词宾语；There to be结构主要用作动词宾语。如：
There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.没有更进一步的情况(讨论)，我就宣布闭会。
There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.现在有点希望可以解决这次争端。
We expect there to be more discussion about this.我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论。
注：用作介词宾语一般用there being，但用作介词for的宾语时，只能用there to be。比较：
They planned on there being another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议。
They planned for there to be another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议。
There be句式的特殊用法
1. There be存在句：——最原始最典型的倒装
谈到倒装句，人们都不陌生，认为它是一个很重要的句式。其实，在一个人刚刚开始学英语的时候，就已经学到了真正意义上的倒装句：There be句型。
There is a book on the desk.去掉引导词There，原来的倒装句则变成：A book is on the desk.
What is there on the desk?实际等于说：What is on the desk?
There be是倒装句，表存在，不必细说。
2. There +不及物动词+主语：——最常见的倒装
There lived an man in the forest long ago.很久以前，森林中住着一位老人。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座庙。
There goes the bell. Let’s have our class.铃声响了，我们上课吧。
最后一句There goes the bell. There除了引起句子结构的倒装外，还提醒听者注意。
3.“There + be +过去分词+主语”和“There + be +过去分词+主语”——最特殊的倒装
▲“There + be +过去分词+主语”，其实是被动语态的变式，去掉引导词There，还原本来面目。现在，我直接使用网友的句子为例：
There are now published millions of books very year in China.
等于：Millions of books are now published very year in China.
On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet.
等于：On the following day, a splendid banquet was held.
There was shownat the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.
等于：An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shownat the exhibition.
▲“There + be +现在分词+主语”，其实是不及物动词进行时态的变式，去掉引导词There，还原本来面目。现在，我直接使用网友的句子为例：
There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve.
等于：A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden.
【我的观点】任何事物的出现都是有原因的，语言现象亦然。我认为，there的上述用法，体现了语言的3个方面。概括起来，不外乎以下几个原因：
2.修辞方面：There置于句首，旨在使句子匀称。如：There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.
若说：An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition.会显得头重脚轻。
3.语法方面：There置于句首，改变句子的正常结构。去掉引导词There之后，变成正常语序，以上三种情况的例句，分别为：
(1)There is a book on the desk.→A book is on the desk.
(2)There lived an old man in the forest long ago.→An old man lived in the forest long ago.
(3)There are now published millions of books very year in China.→Millions of books are now published very year in China.
【说明】There置于句首，如果没有实际词汇意义，往往引起句子结构的倒装。如果有实际词汇意义（“在那里”），则不然。试比较：
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There没有实际意义)
There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”)
“there be＋名词＋动词”结构用法归纳
1.there be+宾语+现在分词。
现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行：
There is someone waiting for him.有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站着一个男人。
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields.有一群青年在地里劳动。
有时现在分词可表示一种状态：
There’s a piano standing against the wall.靠墙有一架钢琴。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.我们面前有很多困难。
There is a door leading to the garden.有一座门通往花园。
有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)：
There are ten people coming to dinner.有10个人来吃晚饭。
2.there be+宾语+过去分词。
过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生：
There is nothing written on it.上面没写东西。
There were ten people killed in the accident.事故中有10人丧生。
有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)：
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back.有些老人坐在后面。
There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house.房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。
3.there be+宾语+不定式。
不定式通常表示动作尚未发生：
There was nobody to look after the child.没有人照顾这孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off.有一大群人要来给他送行。
There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks.可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。
【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式：
There is much work to do [to be done].有许多工作要做。
有时其中的不定式为系表结构：
There is nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的。
What was there to be afraid of.有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of.没有什么值得羞愧的。
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