2018年6月英语四级听力美文：The Importance of...思维导图

TheImportanceofDevelopingAttitudes

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.

Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

“Theburntchildfearsthefire”isoneinstance;anotheristheriseoffigureslikeHitler.

Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.

Intheonecasetheexperienceisdirectandimpressive,intheotheritisindirectandgradual.

Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinstrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.

Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordstheyrespect.

Anotherreasonwhyitistrueisthatpupilsoftensearchsomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.

ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher'smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.

Theteachercandevelopproperattitudesthroughsocialstudies,sciencematters,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom,etc.

However,whenchildrencometoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisetoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycriticizingthem.

Theteachercanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperience.

Toillustrate,first-gradepupils,afraidofpolicemenwillprobablychangetheirattitudesafteraclassroomtalkwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.

Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,researchandall-daytrips.

Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluatehisownattitudes,becausehisinfluencecanbeharmfulifhehaspersonalprejudices.

Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsofwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirownconclusionasresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.