2017年12月英语四级听力VOA慢速英语原文（十五）思维导图

Childrenexerciseduringaweight-losingsummercampinShenyang,Liaoningprovince,China.

Asianchildrenarebecomingincreasinglyunder-nourishedorobese,anewreportsays.

TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)jointreportwasreleasedMonday.

Thetwoagenciescallforbetterregulationofjunkfoodandalimitonsugarydrinksforchildren.

Theyalsocallforactionagainstmalnutrition.Alackoffoodhasstuntedchildren—orhurttheirdevelopment–wholiveinpoverty.

ThereportsaysthecostsofchildmalnutritionandobesityinSoutheastAsiaaregreat.Theseproblemsareseeninthemiddle-incomecountriesofIndonesia,Malaysia,thePhilippinesandThailand.

InIndonesia,thereportsays,childmalnutritionhurtschilddevelopmentandleadstodiseasesthatcost$248billionayear.

DorothyFooteisaUNICEFregionalnutritionalspecialist.Shesaidtheproblemsarea“burgeoningcrisis”—oronethatisgrowing.Itcoversbothchildnutritionandthegeneralpopulation,shesaid.

“AtUNICEFweareparticularlyconcernedaboutchildren,butingeneral,wedohaveacrisis.That’sgoingtoaffectnotonlyfamiliesandcommunitiesbutalsogovernmentsandsocieties,thatthecostsofthe‘doubleburden’aretremendous,”FootetoldVOA.

Thereportfoundthatinmostcountries,thereareequalamountsofoverweightandunder-nourishedchildren.Forexample,inIndonesia,12percentofchildrenareoverweight,thesamenumberasthosewhoaremalnourished.

InThailand,itsaysnumbersareincreasingwith7percentofchildrenmalnourishedand11percentoverweight.

Footesaidthereisstilla“tremendousburden,”withlackofnutrition,“bothchronicandacute.”Thatmeanstheproblemisongoing,andsevere.Thelevelsofstuntingareveryserious.

Laoshasthehighestnumberofstuntedchildren,with44percent.HighratesarealsoreportedinCambodia,Myanmar,thePhilippinesandIndonesia.

Thereportsaysmostofthem—12millionofthe17millionstuntedchildreninSoutheastAsia--liveinIndonesiaandthePhilippines.

Footesaidthelackoffoodaffectschildren’sheightanddevelopmentinsidetheirbodies.Butatthesametime,theareaisfacing“skyrocketing”levelsofoverweightchildren.

Themainreasonforthefoodproblems,thereportsays,isthereismore“junk”foodavailable,foodthatdoesnotprovidenutrition.Anotherproblemisdrinkswithhighsugarorhightrans-fat,butlownutritionalvalue.

Lackofphysicalactivityisalsopartoftheproblem,thereportsays.

Theagenciessaytheseproblemsexistdespiteyearsofeconomicdevelopment.SoutheastAsiaisseenasakeyeconomicdriverfortheworldeconomy.Butthegap,ordistance,betweenrichandpoorhasgrown.

Footesaidthisisseeninnutritionacrossthearea.Shesaidpeoplelackknowledgeaboutwhatisneededandnormalforhealthychilddevelopment.

Theeconomicgrowthintheareahasbrought“unhealthyproducts”toruralareas.Poorandmiddle-classfamiliesbuythemanddonotmake“therightchoicestousehealthierfoodsinstead.”Poorfeedingpractices,especiallyforchildrenyoungerthantwo,meanongoinghighlevelsofmalnutrition.

Thereportsaysgovernmentsneedtoregulatethemarketingofjunkfoodandsugarydrinkstochildren.

Italsocallsforbetterfeedingpracticesforinfantsandyoungchildren,andtreatmentforseverelymalnourishedchildren.Anditsayscountriesshouldworktoreducepovertyandmakesurethatgirlsstayinschool.

WordsinThisStory

malnutrition–n.unhealthyconditionduetolackofproperfood,nutrition,noteatingenoughoftherightfoods

stunted–v.someoneorsomethingstoppedfromgrowingordeveloping

burden–n.somethingorsomeoneverydifficulttoaccept,doordealwith

skyrocketing–idiom.movingupquickly,likearocketclimbsintothesky