2017年12月英语四级美文：Money思维导图
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2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总
Money
Intheearlieststagesofman’sdevelopment
hehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimalshave.
Hewascontentwithsimpleformsofshelter
andfromnaturalmaterialsaroundhim,
hemadehisownroughtoolsandweapons.
Ashebecamemorecivilized,
however,hebegantowantbettershelter,
moreefficienttoolsandweapons,
andmorecomfortableclothing
thancouldbeprovidedbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands.
Forthesethingshehadtoturntotheskilledpeople
suchassmithsandcarpenterswhowerespringingupeverywhere.
Itwasthenthatthequestionofpaymentarose.
Atfirsthegotwhathewantedbyasimpleprocessofexchange.
Thesmithwhohadnotthetimetolookafterlandorcattle
wasgladtotakemeatorgrain
fromthefarmerinexchangeforanaxeoraplough.
Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevalue
cameonthemarket,
exchangebecametoocomplicatedtobesatisfactory.
Anotherproblemsarose
whenthosewhomadethingswantedtogetstocksofwood，
leatheroriron,
buthadnothingtoofferinexchange
untiltheirfinishedgoodswereready.
Thusthedifficultiesofexchange
ledbydegreestotheinventionofmoney.
Insomecountries,
easilyhandledthingslikeseedsorshells
weregivenacertainvalueandthefarmer,
insteadofpayingthesmithforanewaxe
bygivinghimsomemeatorgrain,
gavehimsomanyshells.
Ifthesmithhadanyshellsleftwhenhehadboughthisfood,
hecouldgetstocksoftherawmaterialsofhistrade.
Insomecountriesquitelargethings
suchascowsorcamelsorevenbigflatstoneswereusedfortrade.
Later,piecesofmetal,
bearingvaluesaccordingtotherarityofthemetal
andthesizeofthepiecesofcoinswereused.
Moneyasweknowithadarrived.
2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总
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