TreeMind树图在线AI思维导图
当前位置:树图思维导图模板资格考试英语2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8)思维导图

2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8)思维导图

  收藏
  分享
免费下载
免费使用文件
眼眶很热 浏览量:12023-03-15 17:49:44
已被使用0次
查看详情2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8)思维导图

  新东方网英语四级频道为大家整理了英语四级长篇阅读练习题,希望可以为大家带来帮助,一起来练习吧。

树图思维导图提供 2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8) 在线思维导图免费制作,点击“编辑”按钮,可对 2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8)  进行在线思维导图编辑,本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题,文件编号是:70ee1ac0c762ba6559795dc32717033a

思维导图大纲

2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题(8)思维导图模板大纲

新东方网英语四级频道为大家整理了英语四级长篇阅读练习题,希望可以为大家带来帮助,一起来练习吧。

2017年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题库

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseapara'graphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

GreenGrowth

A.Theenrichmentofpreviouslypoorcountriesisthemostinspiringdevelopmentofourtime.Itisalsoworrying.Theenvironmentisalreadyunderstrain.Whatwillhappenwhentheglobalpopulationrisesfrom7billiontodayto9.3billionin2050,asdemographers(人口统计学家)expect,andagrowingproportionofthesepeoplecan'affordgoodsthatwereoncereservedfortheelite?Cantheplanetsupportsomucheconomicactivity?

B.Manypolicymakersadoptatop-downandWestern-centficapproachtosuchplanetaryproblems.Theydiscussambitiousregulationsinglobalforums,orlooktogiantmultinationalsandwell-heeled(富有的)NGOstosetanexample.Butsincemostpeopleliveintheemergingworld,itmakessensetolookatwhatsuccessfulcompaniestherearedoingtomakegrowthmoresustainable.

C.AnewstudybytheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)andtheBostonConsultingGroup(BCG)identifies16emerging-marketfirmsthattheysayareturningeco-consciousnessintoasourceofcompetitiveadvantage.Thesehighlyprofitablecompanies(whichthestudycalls"thenewsustainabilitychampions")areusinggreenerytoreducecosts,motivateworkersandforgerelationships.Theirhome-grownideaswillprobablybeeasierfortheirpeerstocopythananythingcookedupintheWest.

D.Themostoutstandingqualityofthesecompaniesisthattheyturnlimitationsofresources,laborandinfrastructure)intoopportunities.Thus,India'sShreeCement,whichhastongsufferedfromwatershortages,developedtheworld'smostwater-efficientmethodformakingcement,inpartbyusingair-coolingratherthanwater-cooling.ManilaWater,autilityinthePhilippines,reducedtheamountofwateritwaslosing,throughwastageandillegaltapping,from63%in1997to12%in2010bymakingwateraffordableforthepoor.

BroadGroup,aChinesemakerofairconditioners,tapsthewasteheatfrombuildingstopoweritsmachines.ZhangzidaoFisheryGroup,aChineseaquaculture(水产养殖)company,recyclesuneatenfishfeedtofertilizecrops.

E.Settinggreengoalsisacommonpractice.Sekem,anEgyptianfoodproducer,setitselfthetaskofreclaiming(开垦)desertlandthroughorganicfarming.FloridaIce&Farm,aCostaRicanfoodanddrinkcompany,hasadoptedstrictstandardsfortheamountofwateritcanconsumeinproducingdrinks.

F.Thesefirmsmeasurethemselvesbytheirgreenery,too.FloridaIce&Farm,forexample,links60%ofitsboss'spaytothetriplebottomlineof"people,planetandprofit".Thesustainabilitychampionsalsoencouragetheirworkerstocomeupwithgreenideas.Natura,aBraziliancosmeticscompany,givesbonusestostaffwhofindwaystoreducethefirm'simpactontheenvironment.Masisa,aChileanforestrycompany,invitesemployeesto"imagineunimaginablebusinesses"aimedatpoorerconsumers.Woolworths,aSouthAfricanretailer,claimsthatmanyofitsbestgreenideashavecomefromstaff,notbosses.

G.Inemergingmarketsitishardforcompaniestosticktoonespecialism,becausetheyhavetoworryaboutsomanywiderproblems,fromhumbleinfrastructuretounreliablesupplychains.Sothesustainabilitychampionsseektoshapethebusinessenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.Theylobby(游说)regulators:GrupoBalbo,aBrazilianorganic-sugarproducer,isworkingwiththeBraziliangovernmenttoestablishacertificationsystemfororganicproducts.TheyformpartnershipswithgovernmentsandNGOs.Kenya'sEquityBankhasformedanalliancewithgroupssuchasTheInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmenttoreduceitsriskswhenlendingtosmallholders.Naturahasworkedwithitssupplierstoproducesustainablepackaging,includinganew"green"plasticderivedfromsugarcane.

H.Thefirmsalsoworkhardtoreachandeducatepoorconsumers,oftensacrificingshort-termprofitstocreatefuturemarkets.Masisaorganizeslocalcarpentersintonetworksandconnectsthemtolow-incomefurniturebuyers.BroadGrouphasdevelopedaminiaturedeviceformeasuringairpollutionthatcanfitintomobilephones.JainIrrigation,anIndianmakerofirrigationsystems,usesdanceandsongtoexplainthebenefitsofdripirrigationtofarmerswhocan'tread.Suntech,aChinesesolar-powercompany,hasestablishedalow-carbonmuseumtocelebratewaysofreducingcarbon-dioxideemissions.

Richbecamegreen,orgreenbecamerich?

I.Onecouldquibble(争辩)withBCG'sanalysis.PhilRosenzweigofSwitzerland'sIMDbusinessschoolhasarguedthatmanagementwritersareproneto"thehaloeffect":theytreatthetemporarysuccessofacompanyasproofthatithasdiscoveredsomeeternalprincipleofgoodmanagement.Thefactthatsomesuccessfulcompanieshaveembracedgreenerydoesnotprovethatgreenerymakesafirmsuccessful.Somefirms,havingprospered,findtheycanaffordtosplurge(挥霍)ongreenery.Somesuccessfulfirrnspursuegreeneryforpublic-relationspurposes.Andforeverysustainableemergingchampion,therearesurely100firmsthathaveprosperedbybelching(喷出)fumesintotheairorpumpingtoxinsintorivers.

J.Nonetheless,thecentralmessageoftheWEF-BCGstudy--thatsomeofthebestemerging-worldcompaniesarecombiningprofitswithgreenery--isthought-provoking.Manycriticsofenvironmentalismarguethatitisarich-worldluxury:thatthepoorneedadequatefoodbeforetheyneedsuper-cleanair.Someevenseegreeneryasarich-worldconspiracy(阴谋):theWestgrewrichbyindustrializing(andpolluting),butnowwantstostoptherestoftheworldfromfollowingsuit.TheWEF-BCGreportdemonstratesthatsuchfearsareoverblown.Emerging-worldcompaniescanbejustasgreenastheirWesternrivals.Manyhavefoundthat,whennaturalresourcesarescarceandconsumersarecash-strapped(资金短缺的),greenerycanbealucrative(利润丰厚的)businessstrategy.

46.Anair-conditionermanufacturerusesthewasteheatfrombuildingstosupplyitsmachineswithpower.

47.Manycriticsofenvironmentalismholdtheviewthatgreeneryisarich-worldluxurybecausethat'snotwhatthepoorpeoplebadlywant.

48.Workersofthesustainabilitychampionsaremotivatedtobringforwardgreenideas.

49.Itismeaningfultostudywhatsuccessfulcompaniesintheemergingworldaredoingtoachievemoresustainablegrowth,sincemostpeoplelivethere.

50.It'sdifficultforcompaniesinemergingmarketstokeepfocusingononespecificproblembecausetheyhavemanywiderproblemstoworryabout.

51.Althoughsomesuccessfulfirmshaveembracedgreenery,itdoesn'tmeanthatgreenerywillleadtothesuccessofafirm.

52.Itwillprobablybeeasierforcompaniestofollowthehome-grownideasthanthoseinventedintheWest.

53.Ithasbeenfoundthatgreenerycanbeprofitablewhennaturalresourcesarescarceandconsumersareshortofcash.

54.Sekem,whichproducesfoodinEgypt,setagoaltoreclaimdesertlandthroughorganicfarming.

55.Tocreatefuturemarkets,thefirmsalsomakeefforttoreachandeducatepoorconsumers,oftenatthecostofshort-termprofits.

相关文章

四级阅读:奥巴马看射杀拉登表情冷淡眼神空洞PresidentObamawaswatchingonaTVscreenasacommandogunneddownOsamaBinLaden.Viaavideocamerafixedtothehelmetofa...

TheNewGenderGapWhentheleadersoftheClassof2003assembleinLawrenceHigh'sfluorescent-lit1meetingrooms,mostoftheboysarenowheretobeseen.Theseniorclass...

64-BitTakesOff64-bitdesktopcomputinghastakenasignificantsteptowardbecomingapervasivereality:AMD's(AdvancedMicroDevices)releaseofitsAthlon64chips—a...

HowLongCouldYouGoWithoutComplainingBaseballfansaregearingupfortheWorldSeries,butweallknowwhat'stherealnationalpastime:complaining.Couldyougowithou...

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseingl...

Anewanalysisoffederalmoneythatpublicschoolsreceiveforlow-incomestudentsshowsthatarecordnumberofthenation’sschooldistrictswillreceivelessinthecomingac...

FederalExpressisacompanythatspecializesinrapidovernightdeliveryofhigh-prioritypackages.Thefirstcompanyofitstype,FederalExpresswasfoundedbytheyouthfulFre...

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfoot...

AremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanetMorespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300million...

TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicate(硅酸盐)thataresemi-moltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrustThere...

相关思维导图模板

北京鲁迅博物馆思维导图

树图思维导图提供 北京鲁迅博物馆 在线思维导图免费制作,点击“编辑”按钮,可对 北京鲁迅博物馆  进行在线思维导图编辑,本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题,文件编号是:46dd5fb39ac0566fc4fa2033f0feb486

急性胰腺炎的辅助检查思维导图

树图思维导图提供 急性胰腺炎的辅助检查 在线思维导图免费制作,点击“编辑”按钮,可对 急性胰腺炎的辅助检查  进行在线思维导图编辑,本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题,文件编号是:600cb8253882a4767a368eba75408230