2017年12月英语四级阅读练习（七）思维导图

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2017年12月英语四级阅读练习（七）思维导图

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　　Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树) stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems

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Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrassgrows.Ahawthorntree(山楂树)standsinnewsoil,andfreshlydugplantsbendinthewind.ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagardenofanyvariety—especially20,000squarefeetofgardens—onitsroof.Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,thegardenispartofa$1.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythecitytoreduceits"urbanheatislands",saidWilliamAbolt,thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.Heatislands-darksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops-soakupheat.Theretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubborntocooling.TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkonLaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenknowntoreachtemperaturesubstantiallyhotterthantheactualtemperatureonthestreetbelow.Thegardenwillprovidegreeneryandshade."Andthat,"saidthecityofficials,"willsavethecitydollarsonthoseblisteringsummerdays."Theprojectsavingsfromcoolingisabout$4,000ayearonanewroofwhoselifespanisabout50percentlongerthanthatofatraditionalroof.Thesprawlingopen-airrooftopgardenisbeingcarefullybuiltonamulti-tieredbedofspecialsoil,polystyrene,egg-carton-shapedconesand"waterproofmembrane"malltokeeptherooffromleaking,orcavingunderthenormalcombinedweightofsoil,rainandplantlife.Thedesigncallsforsoildepthsof4inchesto18inches.Whenthelastplantsandseedlingsareburiedandthelastbitofcompostislaid,thegardenwillhavecircularbrickstepping-stoneswindinguptohills."TheprimaryfocusofwhatwewanttodowastoestablishthislaboratoryonthetopofCityHalltogetpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowthelittlethingscanmakeanimpactonthequalityoflife",Mr.Aboltsaid,addingthattheplantsalsohelptocleartheair.Rooftopgardens,inplaceswhereconcretejungleshaveerasedplantsandtrees,arenotnew,noteveninChicago.Armsofgreenerydanglingoverterracesorsproutingfromrooftops,commoninEurope,arebecomingmoresointheUnitedStatesaspeoplebecomeincreasinglyconsciousabouttheenvironment.RichardM.Daley,whourgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintotheprojectafternoticingrooftopgardensinHamburg,Germanyafewyearsago,haspraisedthegardenasthefirstofitskindonapublicbuildinginthecountry.Itwillholdthousandsofplantsinmorethan150species-wildonionandbutterflyweed,sky-blueasterandbuffalograss-toprovidedataonwhatspeciesadaptbest.Smallplantsrequiringshallowsoildepthswerechieflyselected.

57.Therooftopgardenproject________.

[A]iscommonandpopularinthecountry

[B]isademonstrationprojectandcoststhecitygovernment1.5milliondollars

[C]willmaketheordinarycoolingdownofthecityinsummerunnecessary

[D]aimsatgettingpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironment

58.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCityHall?

[A]Itwasbuiltninetyyearsagoandisthemostoutstandingfeatureinthecenterofthecity.

[B]ItisoriginallypropertobuildagardenonthetopoftheCityHall.

[C]Thetemperatureonitstopisalittlebitlowerthanthatonthestreetbelow.

[D]ItisthefirstbuildinginAmericatohaveagardenonit.

59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

[A]Everyyear,Chicagospendsabout$4,000oncoolingthecity.

[B]ThedesignofthegardenontheCityHallspeciallytakesintoconsiderationtheweighttheroofcanstand.

[C]TheMayorurgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintorooftopgardensinHamburgandbuildsimilaronesinAmerica.

[D]Heatislandsmainlyrefertothosedark-coloredrooftopswhichreceiveandretainheatandwillnoteasilyreleasetheheat.

60.WhyshouldtherooftopgardenbebuiltonthetopofCityHallotherthanonanyotherbuildings?

[A]BecausetheCityHallislarge.

[B]Becausethemayorhadurgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttodoso.

[C]Becauseitcanmakepeopleunderstandtheirimpactonenvironmentbetterthroughapublicbuilding.

[D]BecausetheexpertsjustwanttomaketheCityHallaconvenientlaboratory.

61.Theword"substantially"(Line2,Para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

[A]alittlebit[B]infact[C]materially[D]considerably

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