2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案(十一)思维导图

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2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案(十一)思维导图

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　　Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the mo

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Althoughmanyofusmayfeelair-conditionersbringrelieffromhot,humidorpollutedoutsideair,theyposemanypotentialhealthhazards.Muchresearchhaslookedathowthemovementofairinsideaclosedenvironment---suchasanofficebuilding---canspreaddiseaseorexposepeopleinthebuildingtoharmfulchemicals.

OneofthemorewidelypublicizeddangersisthatofLegionnaire’sdisease,whichwasfirstrecognizedinthe1970s.Thiswasfoundtohaveaffectedpeopleinbuildingswithair-conditioningsystemsinwhichwarmairpumpedoutofthesystem’coolingtowerswassomehowsuckedbackintotheairintake(通风口),inmostcasesduetopoordesign.Thewarmair,filledwithbacteria,wascombinedwithcooled,conditionedairandwasthencirculatedaroundvariouspartsofthebuilding.Studiesshowedthatevenpeopleoutsidesuchbuildingswereatriskiftheywalkedpastairexhaustpipes.

Largeair-conditioningsystemsaddwatertotheairtheycirculatebymeansofhumidifiers(湿度调节器).Inoldersystems,thewaterusedforthisprocessiskeptinspecialreservoirs,thebottomsofwhichprovidebreedinggroundsforbacteriawhichcanfindtheirwayintotheventilation(通风)system.Therisktohumanhealthfromthissituationhasbeenhighlightedbythefactthattheimmunesystems(免疫系统)ofapproximatelyhalfofworkersinair-conditionedofficebuildingshavedevelopedtheabilitytofightofftheorganismsfoundatthebottomofsystemreservoirs.Butchemicalscalled“biocides”areaddedtoreservoirstomakethemgerm-free,andtheyaredangerousintheirownrightinsufficientquantities,astheyoftencontaincompoundsstronglylinkedtocancers.

Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthattheartificialclimaticenvironmentcreatedbyair-conditionerscanalsoaffectus.Inanaturalenvironment,whetherindoororoutdoor,therearesmallvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.Indeed,thehumanbodyhaslongbeenaccustomedtothesenormalchanges.Inanair-conditionedlivingorworkingenvironment,however,bodytemperaturesremainwellunder37℃,ournormaltemperature.Thisleadstoaweakenedimmunesystemandthusgreaterexposuretodiseasessuchascoldsandflu.

练习题：

Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:

1.WhatdoweknowaboutLegionnaire’sdiseasefromthepassage?

A.Itwasthemostwidelyconcernedofficehazard.

B.Itcanaffectpeoplebothinsideandoutsidethebuilding.

C.Ithappensonlyinair-conditionedofficebuildings.

D.Itdoesnotdevelopinwell-designedbuildings.

2.Intheoldair-conditionedsystems,bacteriafirstdevelop______.

A.inthereservoirs

B.intheventilationsystem

c.inthehumidifiers

D.intheairintake

3.Thefactthatabouthalfofworkersdevelopedtheabilitytofightoffthebacteriamay__.

A.relievepeople’sworryaboutthedangercausedbythebacteria

B.helppeoplefindaneffectivewaytogetridofthebacteria

C.reflecttheseriousdangerbroughtbythebacteria

D.causeseriousdiseasesuchascancerstopeople

4.Theauthormostprobablywantsthereaderstotreatbiocideswithanattitudeof_.

A.caution

B.trust

C.enthusiasm

D.criticism

5.Thelastparagraphimpliesthatourimmunesystemcanbeweakenedwhen_•

A.weliveinanartificialclimaticenvironment

B.therearevariationsintemperatureandhumidity

C.ourbodytemperaturesoftenremainnothighenough

D.weareoftenexposedtodiseasessuchascoldsandflu

1.[B]事实细节题。本题主要考査复合句的理解。第2段最后一句表明B是正确选项。选项A中的most和C中的only都太绝对了，文中并未对选项A和C中的相关说法加以这样的限定。选项D也太绝对了，第2段第3句只是说到“大多数情况下是因为空调设计欠佳所致”,并不是说所有设计良好的大厦就不会发生这种情况。

2.[A]事实细节題。本题考查复合句的理解。只要明白第3段第2句这个非限制性定语从句中的thebottomsofwhich中的which是指上文的reservoirs,问题就不难解决了。

3.[C]事实细节题。本题考查被动语态长句的理解。在第3段第3句中，关键词是highlight,选项C是对原句主谓部分的近义替换。选项A和B在文中皆无提及，选项D是过度使用生物杀灭剂的后果，与本题干的情况无关。

4.[A]观点态度题。第3段最后两句讨论生物杀灭剂的用处，其中最后一句中的but,dangerous和cancers等词说明作者认为要慎用这种杀灭剂。作者并没对杀灭剂全盘否定，只是说过量使用会引发危险，因此选项D不对。

5.[C]推理判断題。本题考查代词的理解。解题的关键在于理解最后一句中的This是指上一句所说的情况。选项A中所说的人造环境不是使免疫系统变弱的必然条件。选项B是保持免疫系统健康的条件。选项D是免疫系统变弱后的影响。

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