2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(15)思维导图
英语四级阅读理解是英语四级考试中的重点部分，而随着时代的发展，英语四级中的阅读题型也在不断更替改变，下面是小编为大家整理的英语四级阅读寒假练习题，希望可以为大家带来帮助。
树图思维导图提供 2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(15) 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(15) 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：ab144b22b749a16b1bcfab05c86fd87a
思维导图大纲
2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题(15)思维导图模板大纲
2017年大学英语四级阅读寒假练习题汇总
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto"rewards";andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological(生理的)"drives"asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.
Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.
Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto"reward"thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement"switchedon"adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.
Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould"smileandbubble"whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.
36.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich.
A)aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure
B)willmeettheirphysicalneeds
C)willbringthemafeelingofsuccess
D)willsatisfytheircuriosity
37.Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy.
A)wouldmakelearnedresponseswhenitsawthemilk
B)wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink
C)wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilk
D)wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink
38.InPapousek'sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto.
A)havethelightsturnedonB)berewardedwithmilkC)pleasetheirparentsD)bepraised
39.Thebabieswould"smileandbubble"atthelightsbecause.
A)thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic"drives"B)thesightofthelightswasinteresting
C)theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelightsD)theysucceededin"switchingon"thelights
40.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof.
A)abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld
B)thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds
C)theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblems
D)afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills
参考答案：
36-40.CCADA
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