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2015年12月英语四级阅读真题练习及答案2思维导图

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查看详情2015年12月英语四级阅读真题练习及答案2思维导图

  Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’r

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2015年12月英语四级阅读真题练习及答案2思维导图模板大纲

Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”

Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyouwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”

Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.

Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedication(药物)withlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.

Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.

1.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant?

A)Ithelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter.

B)Itenablesustorecallsomethingformourmemory.

C)Itexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably.

D)Itslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory.

2.Onepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenisthat________.

A)theyhaveawiderrangeofinterests

B)theyaremorereliantontheenvironment

C)theyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattention

D)theyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem

3.Anoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecause________.

A)itwilleasilygetlost

B)it’snotclearenoughforyoutoread

C)it’soutofyoursight

D)itmightgetmixedupwithotherthings

4.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A)Ifwefocusourattentionononething,wemightforgetanother.

B)Memorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.

C)Repetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.

D)Ifwekeepforgettingthings,we’dbetterreturntowherewewere.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A)Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.

B)Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.

C)Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.

D)Awayifencodingandrecalling.

参考答案

1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B

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