2015年6月大学英语四级听力真题模拟练习(9)思维导图

TheleaderofSaudiArabiawillnottakepartintalkswithU.S.andotherArabofficialsthisweek.ForeignMinisterAdelal-JubeirannouncedonthedecisiononSunday.HesaidKingSalmanwillsendCrownPrinceMohammedbinNayeftotheU.S.-ArabsummitinWashington.

ThesummitopensWednesdayattheWhiteHouse.PresidentBarackObamawillwelcomerepresentativesofthesix-memberGulfCooperationCouncil.Then,onThursday,thetalksmovetoCampDavidinthemountainsofMaryland.Sincethe1950s,presidentshaveusedCampDavidtoholdmeetingsawayfromthenoiseofWashingtonandthenewsmedia.

U.S.officialssaythetalksaretoincludediscussionsondeepeningsecuritycooperationwithGulfnationsand"seekingcommonapproaches"totheconflictsinIraq,Syria,LibyaandYemen.

AnObamaadministrationofficialsaidKingSalman'sdecisiontostayinSaudiArabiawas"notinresponsetoanysubstantiveissue."

SaudiArabiahasledairstrikesagainstanti-governmentfightersinYemen.Mr.Jubeircitedthesummit'soverlapwithafive-daycease-fireandhumanitarianeffortsthere.

Now,onlytheleadersofQatarandKuwaitwillbeheadingtheirdelegations.Kuwait'semir,SabahAhmadal-Sabah,traveledtoWashingtononSunday.QatariEmirSheikhTamimbinHamadAlThaniwastoleaveDohaonMonday.

Oman'sSultanQaboosbinSaidandUnitedArabEmiratesPresidentKhalifabinZayedal-Nahyanaremissingthesummitforhealthreasons.ThedelegationfromBahrainwillbeledbyitscrownprince,notKingHamadbinIsaAl-Khalifa.Bahrain'sgovernmenthasnotsaidwhytheKingisnotattending.

MiddleEastexpertJonathanAdelmaniswiththeUniversityofDenverinColorado.Hesayshealthandtheceasefirearenottheonlyreasonsfortheabsencesofseveralleaders.HesaysanotherproblemisdisagreementsoverthedirectionofinternationalnuclearnegotiationswithIran.

Mr.AdelmansaysthatfortheUnitedStates,Iranisafar-awaylandandthatfactaffectsU.S.policiesandplans.HesaysofficialsinWashingtonthinkofIranianofficialsassomewhatreasonable.

"TheIraniansareseenasquasirationalactors,thatwiththekindofgooddealthey'regoingtobeoffered,they'regoingtobasically,toputitinsimplelanguage,theyaregoingtobehave."

ButhenotesIranisverynearthecountriesinvitedtothesummit.HesaysSaudiArabia,forexample,isabout560kilometersfromIran.HesaysSaudiArabiaandotherSunniArabcountriesaredeeplyafraidofIran'sShiitefundamentalism.

"It'sarealdifferenceinperceptionbetweenthetwosidesandIthinktheSaudisandEmiratesarereallydeeplyafraidbecausetheydon't,welltheyhavedeeppockets,theydon'thaveexceptionallyfirstratemilitaries."

JonathanAdelmansayshedoesnotthinktheU.S.willbeabletopersuadetheSunniArabcountriestosupportthenucleardealthatisforming.HesaysthosecountriesfirstwantasecurityagreementwiththeU.S.similartoNATO.Or,hesays,theywantU.S.assistanceinstrengtheningtheirmilitaries.

Mr.AdelmansaystheObamaadministrationdoesnotseeminterestedineitheridea.And,hesays,theU.S.doesnotappearinterestedinformingsuchanalliance.

"Itispossibleit(thesummit)willbeasuccessbutIthinkthefactthatthethreeleadersarenotcomingisatelltalesignthattheoddsarestackedagainstit."

ProfessorNabeelKhouryofNorthwesternUniversityagreesthattheleaders'absencehurtschancesforsuccessatthesummit.HesayshealsoisnothopefulabouttheU.S.andSaudiceasefireplanforYemen.Hesaiditshouldhelpingettingaidtothoseinneed,butnotservethelargergoalofendingtheShi'iteHouthirebellioninthecountry.

"It'snotahopefulsignintermsofthebroaderagreementthatoneislookingfor.Inotherwords:stoppingthiswarandmovingtothenegotiationtablesagaininamuchmoreeffectivewaythanwasachievedinthepast."

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