2021年12月英语四级听力：The Influence of Life思维导图

Intheearlytimeswhenhumanbeingshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsastheotherloweranimalsdid.

Whentheylearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfuel,theycutdowntrees.Theyalsoburnedclearingsinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumanbeingsfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofamp3ingandthedomesticationofanimals.Fireprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchassettingupfamilies,fomp3ingsocietiesandfoundingcities.

UsefulwordsandExpressions:

1.interactwith与……组合

2.clearing空旷地

3.grazing放牧，牧草

4.domestication驯养，驯服

5.previously先前，以前

6.inedible不能吃的，不适于食用的

7.pursuit追击

8.setup设立