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2021年英语四级听力美文第20篇:Modern American University思维导图

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查看详情2021年英语四级听力美文第20篇:Modern American University思维导图

2021年英语四级听力美文第20篇:ModernAmericanUniversity

树图思维导图提供 2021年英语四级听力美文第20篇:Modern American University 在线思维导图免费制作,点击“编辑”按钮,可对 2021年英语四级听力美文第20篇:Modern American University  进行在线思维导图编辑,本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题,文件编号是:d4dc6af3decf8b39d60c04e5dfd15b24

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Beforethe1850s,theUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.Meanwhile,throughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped.

InGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.

Betweenmid-centuryandtheendofthe1800s,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturntobecomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges—Harvard,Yale,Columbia—andtransformthemintomodernuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.

Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.DrillingandmemorizingwerereplacedbytheGermanmethodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessorsownresearchwaspresentedinclass.Withtheestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,graduatestudentlearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.

Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breakingcompletelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematics,classics,rhetoric,andmusic.ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheselectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereabletochoosetheirowncourseofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemerged.Thenewgoalwastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseattentiontothepracticalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewsystem.Studentswerealsotrainedaseconomists,architects,agriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.

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