2021年英语四级美文赏析:Money
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2021年英语四级美文赏析:Money思维导图模板大纲
Money
Intheearlieststagesofman’sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimalshave.Hewascontentwithsimpleformsofshelterandfromnaturalmaterialsaroundhim,hemadehisownroughtoolsandweapons.Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttoolsandweapons,andmorecomfortableclothingthancouldbeprovidedbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands.
Forthesethingshehadtoturntotheskilledpeoplesuchassmithsandcarpenterswhowerespringingupeverywhere.Itwasthenthatthequestionofpaymentarose.Atfirsthegotwhathewantedbyasimpleprocessofexchange.Thesmithwhohadnotthetimetolookafterlandorcattlewasgladtotakemeatorgrainfromthefarmerinexchangeforanaxeoraplough.Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevaluecameonthemarket,exchangebecametoocomplicatedtobesatisfactory.
Anotherproblemsarosewhenthosewhomadethingswantedtogetstocksofwood,leatheroriron,buthadnothingtoofferinexchangeuntiltheirfinishedgoodswereready.Thusthedifficultiesofexchangeledbydegreestotheinventionofmoney.Insomecountries,easilyhandledthingslikeseedsorshellsweregivenacertainvalueandthefarmer,insteadofpayingthesmithforanewaxebygivinghimsomemeatorgrain,gavehimsomanyshells.
Ifthesmithhadanyshellsleftwhenhehadboughthisfood,hecouldgetstocksoftherawmaterialsofhistrade.Insomecountriesquitelargethingssuchascowsorcamelsorevenbigflatstoneswereusedfortrade.Later,piecesofmetal,bearingvaluesaccordingtotherarityofthemetalandthesizeofthepiecesofcoinswereused.Moneyasweknowithadarrived.
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