2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:虚拟语气
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2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:虚拟语气思维导图模板大纲
1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
如:Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechildcouldnothavedied.
Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,shouldtherebeasuddenloudnoise.
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念:
主从句谓语动词所指时间不同,这叫做错综时间条件句,动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如:
Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.
(主句与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)
HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.
(主句与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)
(3)识别事实和假设混合句:
Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.(句子前半部分为假设情况,而“父母病了”是事实)Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(前半部分为假设,后半部分是事实)
2.名词性从句的虚拟形式
名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉:
(1)下列动词做谓语时,that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式:
desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,require,insist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote。如:
Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.Imovethathebedischargedforhisseriousmistake.
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时,that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式:
advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如:Theboarddeemiturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.Itisessentialthatallthesefiguresbecheckedtwice.
(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时,从句中动词用虚拟形式:
insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding。如:
JohnWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentativebesenttotheconferenceonschedule.
3.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式
含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达,而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉:
(1)连词but,butthat,or,orelse;副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设。如:
Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.
(2)介词短语暗含假设条件,常用的有:without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如:
ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.
(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如:
Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.
(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如:
Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.
4.常用虚拟形式的句型
(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型:
wouldratherwouldassoonasthoughsuppose…hadratherwouldsoonerasifsupposing…Ifonly…Itis(high)timethat…(从句中动词只用过去式)如:
Hiswifewouldrathertheydidn’ttalkaboutthematteranymore.
IfIwereinamovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatIburiedmyheadinmyhandsforacry.
(2)Ifitwerenotfor…(与现在事实相反)、Ifithadnotbeenfor…(与过去事实相反)相当于butfor。如:
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
(3)Ifonly…谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如:
Ifonlythecommitteewouldapprovetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.
(4)lest/forfearthat/incase从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如:
Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.
(5)whether…or…有时谓语用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法经常采用倒装结构。如:
Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.
2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:形容词、副词及其比较级
2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:动名词
2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:不定式
2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:非谓语动词
2022年6月大学英语六级语法精析:情态动词
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