2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句思维导图
2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句
树图思维导图提供 2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：0d751f1273034b9fd7a03b845833a1ff
思维导图大纲
2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句思维导图模板大纲
2017年12月英语六级语法常考知识讲解汇总
定语从句
限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分,去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确;非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质,去掉了不会影响主要意义,通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
Theboyswhowantedtoplayfootballweredisappointedwhenitrained.
Theboys,whowantedtoplayfootball,weredisappointedwhenitrained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词,或是带有形容词性物主代词(my,his,etc)或形容词性指示代词(this,that,etc)作限定词,其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:
MarySmith,whoisinthecorner,wantstomeetyou.
Hermother,whohadlongsufferedformarthritis,diedlastnight.
Allthesebooks,whichhavebeendonatedbyvisitingprofessors,aretobeusedbythepostgraduates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人,用which指物,通常不用that替代.
Myfather,whohadbeenonavisittoAmerica,returnedyesterday.
Allthebooks,whichhadpicturesinthem,weresenttothelittlegirl.
定语从句的引导词
that,who,whom:非限制性定语从句,如果修饰人,一般用who,有时用that(作主语时用who较多).如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,就应当用宾格whom或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉,在口语中可用who代替whom.
Hereistheman(whom)you’vebeenlookingfor.
Heisaman(that)youcansafelydependon.
Thepeople(who/that)youweretalkingtowereSwedes.
TherearesomepeopleherewhoIwantyoutomeet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去,这时可用that,但省略时更多一些.
Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?
Haveyoumettheperson(that)hewasspeakingabout
ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.
Thegirl(who/that)Ispoketoismycousin.
限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时,在绝大多数情况下都是省略的,特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all,everything等词时):
Haveyoueverythingyouneed?
(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?
Allyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.
在介词后只能用which,在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去,这时可以用that,但省略的时候更多一些:
Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench.
Thetool(that)heisworkingwithiscalledawrench.
Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.
Thisisthequestion(that)we’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.
定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的,但间或也可以修饰整个句子a),或是句子的一部分b),引导词用which:
Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.
Theactivitywaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted
Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.
Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.
whose:在表示“...的”这个概念时,可用所有格whose;whose用于指物,有时可与ofwhich交替使用,通常的词序是名词词组+ofwhich:
Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefamilyisinthenortheast?
Wehadameetingwhosepurposewascompletelyunclear.(…thepurposeofwhichwas…)
He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(…whosenameI’ve…)
ofwhich前的名词词组也可以由some,any,none,all,both,several,enough,many,most,few以及基数词担任;这些词也能用在ofwhom之前.
Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
It’safamilyofeightchildren,allofwhomarestudyingmusic.
关系副词when,where,why:它们的含义相当于atwhich,inwhich,forwhich,因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.
Thedaywhenhewasborn…
onwhichhewasborn…
whichhewasbornon…
Theofficewhereheworks…
atwhichheworks…
whichheworksat…
有时可用that替代关系副词,在口语中that可省略.
Everytime(that)thetelephonerings,hegetsnervous.
ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadserioustroublewithmyboss.
Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?
Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.
Thatisthereason(why)hedidit.
在theway后也可用that替代inwhich,在口语中that也可省略.
Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hedidit.
That’sthewayIlookatit.
如果定语从句中谓语为thereis,作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:
ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.
Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoNanjing.
定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构,-ing分词结构,-ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.
Hewastheonlyonetorealizethedanger(=whorealizedthedanger).
Thewomandrivingthecar(=whowasdrivingthecar)indicatedthatshewasgoingtoturnleft.
Themaninjuredbythebullet(=whowasinjuredbythebullet)wastakentohospital.
Allthewomenpresent(=whowerepresent)lookedupinalarm
2017年12月英语六级语法常考知识讲解汇总
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