2017年12月六级语法常考知识讲解：定语从句引导词思维导图

Hereistheman(whom)you’vebeenlookingfor.

Heisaman(that)youcansafelydependon.

Thepeople(who/that)youweretalkingtowereSwedes.

TherearesomepeopleherewhoIwantyoutomeet.

但在介词后只能用whom:

ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.

但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去,这时可用that,但省略时更多一些.

Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?

Haveyoumettheperson(that)hewasspeakingabout

ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.

Thegirl(who/that)Ispoketoismycousin.

限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时,在绝大多数情况下都是省略的,特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all,everything等词时):

Haveyoueverythingyouneed?

(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?

Allyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.

在介词后只能用which,在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去,这时可以用that,但省略的时候更多一些:

Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench.

Thetool(that)heisworkingwithiscalledawrench.

Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.

Thisisthequestion(that)we’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.

定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的,但间或也可以修饰整个句子a),或是句子的一部分b),引导词用which:

Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.

Theactivitywaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted

Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.

Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.

Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefamilyisinthenortheast?

Wehadameetingwhosepurposewascompletelyunclear.(…thepurposeofwhichwas…)

He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(…whosenameI’ve…)

Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

It’safamilyofeightchildren,allofwhomarestudyingmusic.

关系副词when,where,why:它们的含义相当于atwhich,inwhich,forwhich,因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.

Thedaywhenhewasborn…

Theofficewhereheworks…

有时可用that替代关系副词,在口语中that可省略.

Everytime(that)thetelephonerings,hegetsnervous.

ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadserioustroublewithmyboss.

Doyouknowanywhere(that)Icangetadrink?

Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.

Thatisthereason(why)hedidit.

在theway后也可用that替代inwhich,在口语中that也可省略.

Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hedidit.

That’sthewayIlookatit.

如果定语从句中谓语为thereis,作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:

ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.

Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoNanjing.

定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构,-ing分词结构,-ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.

Hewastheonlyonetorealizethedanger(=whorealizedthedanger).

Thewomandrivingthecar(=whowasdrivingthecar)indicatedthatshewasgoingtoturnleft.

Themaninjuredbythebullet(=whowasinjuredbythebullet)wastakentohospital.

Allthewomenpresent(=whowerepresent)lookedupinalarm.