2016大学英语六级基础语法知识:非谓语动词
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2016大学英语六级基础语法知识:非谓语动词思维导图模板大纲
1)动词不定式——只能接不定式做宾语的动词有:
decide,hope,learn,manage(打算),offer,prepare,agree,refuse,fail(未),pretend,happen(碰巧),promise,plan(打算,计划)
a)测试作宾语时不定式带补语的结构
这种结构的常用动词有:find、think、consider、make等,基本句型是:v.+it+adj+todo
[例]Doyouconsiderwisetoignorehim
A.itis
B.ittobe
C.itasbeing
D.it
b)不定式在svoc句型中的应用
解题的关键是记住带不定式作宾语补足语的动词,如:ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。
[例]Theydon’tallowinthelibrary,buttheyallowpeopleintherestroom.
A.tosmoketosmokeB.smokingsmokingC.tosmokesmokingD.smokingtosmoke
c)不定式作定语的用法
(1)与其他非谓语形式或谓语形式的区别
[例]Thequestiontomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.
A.tobedebated
B.debates
C.debating
D.debated
(2)介词的使用
[例]Theboy’sfatherboughthimalargetoytrain.
A.whichtoplaywithB.toplaywithitC.toplaywithD.atwhichtoplay
d)不定式的时态、语态
不定式完成时表示不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,不定式被动语态表示不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者,besoory、beglad、seem或say、find、hear、report等动词的被动语态后加不定式完成时态较为常见。
[例1]Thenewpowerstationisreportedwithinthreeyears.
A.tohavecompleted
B.tohavebeencompleted
C.havingbeencompleted
D.tocomplete
[例2]Mr.Johnsonpreferredheavierworktodo.
A.tobegiven
B.tobegivingC.tohavegiven
D.havinggiven
e)不定式作状语
[例1]Thepoliceinspectorspoketothelittlegirlkindlther.
A.nottofrighten
B.inordertonotfrighten
C.soasnottofrighten
D.sonotastofrighten
[例2]Hemovedawayfromhisparents,andmissedthem_____enjoytheexcitinglifeinNewYork.A.toomuchto
B.enoughtoC.verymuchto
D.muchsoasto
2)动名词
a)只能接动名词做宾语的动词有:
miss,mind,enjoy,suggest,practise,persist,quit,admit,appreciate,deny,escape,complete,fulfil,acknowledge,favour,delay,postpone,finish,avoid,prevent,recall,recollect,risk,consider
b)只能接动名词的一些常用句型\结构:It’snogood/use/fun(in)doingsth
Thereisnoneed/point/use/sense(in)doingsth.bebusy/beworthdoingsth.
havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingsth
spend/wastetime(in)doingsthcan’thelpdoingsth
confessto,objectto,beopposedto,lookforwardto,contributeto,beusedto,bedevotedto,bededicatedto,leadto,referto,equalto,stickto,belongto,thanksto,beaccustomedtodoingsth
c)既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语的有:
①接动词不定式和动名词作宾语而意义差别不大的动词:love,like,dislike,hate,begin,start,continue,intend,prefer,propose,etc.
②可跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语但意义有差别的动词:歧义动词中已讲。
③need,want,require,deserve+动名词/+不定式被动态,表被动意义。
Thepencilneedssharpening.(tobesharpened)
[例1]Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusyforherexamination.
A.toprepare
B.preparing
C.tobeprepared
D.beingprepared
[例2]Iappreciatetoyourhome.
A.tobeinvited
B.tohaveinvited
C.havinginvited
D.beinginvited
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