四级词汇重点语法讲义思维导图
1.时态语态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将 来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，现在完成进行时， 过去完成进行时，过去将来时，过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时，过
树图思维导图提供 四级词汇重点语法讲义 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 四级词汇重点语法讲义 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：8850985e5ee378606737585cf491a57d
思维导图大纲
四级词汇重点语法讲义思维导图模板大纲
1.时态语态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将
来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，现在完成进行时，
过去完成进行时，过去将来时，过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时，过
去将来完成进行时
主动，被动
Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,_______fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.(1999.6)
A)hadcomeB)comingC)comeD)thatcame
2.虚拟语气
1)基本形式：与现在实际情况相虚拟(did/were...would/shoulddo)，与过去实际情况虚拟(haddone...would/shouldhavedone)，与将来实际情况虚拟(weretodo...would/shoulddo)，与将来实际情况可能相反(shoulddo...would/shoulddo)
2)特殊句型：
(1)Hadthedoctorbeenavailable,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.
(2)ifonly,suppose:IfonlyIcouldaffordsuchabighouse.
Supposeyouwereamillionaire,howwouldyouspendthe
money?
(3)Itis(about,high)timesb.didsth.
(4)without,butfor,butthat,or,otherwise:
Withoutairandwater,nohumanbeingcouldsurviveontheearth.
Butforyourtimelyhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthejobontime.
Shewasseriouslyilllastnight,otherwiseshewouldhaveattendedtheparty.
(5)错综时间条件句：
IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thaveleftschoolsoearly.
Hadyoulistenedtoyourparentstenyearsago,youwouldbeasuccessful
scientistnow.
(6)需要用虚拟的动词：
suggest,propose,insist,prefer,order,command,advise,desire,recommend,require,intend,decide,request,deserve,demand,determine,arrange,beg,ask,pray,urge,move,instruct,stipulate,maintain,
(7)需要用虚拟的名词
idea,importance,insistence,motion,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,suggestion,necessity,desire,motion,requirement,resolution,demand,stipulation,advice,preference,wish
(8)需要用虚拟的形容词
advisable,anxious,appropriate,better,desirable,eager,essential,imperative,important,insistent,keen,natural,necessary,possible,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,absurd,best,content,unfair,odd,pleasant,right,strange,crucial,surprising
(9)wish
Shewishesthatshewereateacher.
IwishIcouldtakeawalkonthemoon.
(10)would(had)rather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon
I’dratheryoustayedwithustonight.
Iwouldjustassoontheyhaddonethejobaheadoftime.
(11)asif,asthough
Shetalksasifshewereadoctor.(Itseemsasifit’sgoingtorain.)
(12)incase,lest,forfearthat
Shetookanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.
Remembertoleaveearlierlestyoushouldmissthetrain.
Whowouldyourather__________withyou,Georgeorme?(2002.6)
A)goingB)togoC)havegoneD)went
Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist__________thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly(2001.1)
A)hasmadesureB)madesureC)mustmakesureD)makesure
3.非谓语动词
(1).以不定式做宾语的动词
aim,arrange,ask,afford,agree,apply,attempt,beg,bother,choose,claim,consent,care,decide,decline,demand,dare,desire,determine,elect,endeavor,expect,fail,guarantee,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,presume,pretend,proceed,profess,promise,refuse,request,resolve,seek,strive,swear,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,wish
(2).以动名词做宾语的动词
miss,mind,enjoy,avoid,admit,finish,escape,practice,acknowledge,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,consider,complete,contemplate,delay,deny,endure,evade,facilitate,favor,forbid,forgive,imagine,involve,permit,quit,resent,resume,suggest,advocate,detest,excuse,fancy,mention,resist,risk,stand,understand,celebrate,dispute,doubt,dread,ensure,hinder,prohibit,recommend,can’thelp,feellike
(3).不定式和动名词都可，但意义不同
mean,try,stop,regret,forget,remember,goon,love,like,hate,prefer,dislike
Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper__________inbroaddaylightyesterday.(2001.1)
A)beingrobbedB)havingbeenrobbedC)tohavebeenrobbedD)robbed
There’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans__________trouble.(1997.1)
A)makingB)tomakeC)tohavemadeD)havingmade
I’llneverforget__________youforthefirsttime.(2001.1)
A)tomeetB)meetingC)tohavemetD)havingtobemeeting
4.倒装
1)虚拟条件句，省略if，同时将had,were,should提到主语之前
Wereitnotforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavearrivedthere.
2)so/such...that
Solittledidheknowaboutthesubjectthathehadtostayuppreparingfortheexam.
3)as,though,nomatterhow(what),however
Youngasheis,hehasaccomplishedalot.
Howevercolditis,hewillgoswimminginthelake.
4)so,neither,nor
Hedidn’tgototheconcert,neitherdidhisfamily.
5)no,hardly,never,scarcely,seldom,barely,rarely,nolonger,notuntil,nosooner...than,
hardly...when,notonly...butalso,not,little,atnotime,bynomeans,onnoaccount,in
nocase,innoway,under/innocircumstances在句首
6)only+adverb,prepositionalphrase,adverbialclause
Onlyinthiswaycanwehopetosolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.
7)here/there/now/then/hence
Herecomesthebus.
Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances__________thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.(1999.6)
A)mayweuseB)wemayuseC)wecoulduseD)didweuse
#P#
5.一致性
1)时态一致
2)主谓一致
(1)时间，重量，长度，价值，面积，体积可以是单数
(2)and表示一个整体，用单数
breadandbutter,cupandsaucer,knifeandfork,ebbandflow,needleandthread,trialanderror,lawandorder,teacherandmother,presidentandcommander-in-chief
(3)people,police,cattle,poultry,militia,youth通常为复数;public,family,
committee,audience,choir,class,club,company,council,crew,firm,gang,
school,staff,union,board,flock,government,jury可单可复
(4)any,anybody,anyone,anything,each,either,every,everybody,everyone,
everything,neither,nobody,noone,nothing,somebody,someone,something
(5)with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,accompaniedby,inadditionto,
ratherthan,besides,asmuchas
(6)either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,not...but
(7)anumberof,thenumberof
Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper__________attendtheconference.(2002.6)
A)istoB)areto
Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,__________morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.(2000.6)
A)allowB)allowsC)allowingD)haveallowed
6.形容词和副词
1)形容词的词序：限定词(冠词，代词，所有格形式)+数词或last,next等+一般描述性形容词+大小，长短，高低+形状+年龄，新旧+颜色+国籍，地区，出处+物质材料+用途，类别+名词中心词
abrightredsilkdress,abeautifullargegreenChinesecarpet
2)比较级和最高级
old(older,oldest,elder,eldest),far(farther,farthest,further,furthest),superior
3)形容词的主动和被动
surprised,surprising
7.情态动词
You__________himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.(2000.1)
A)shouldn’thavebeenfollowingB)couldn’thavebeenfollowing
C)mustn’tfollowD)shouldn’tfollow
8.连词
1)并列连词：and,but,yet,for,so,while,whereas,or,aswellas,ratherthan,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso
2)从属连词：
(1)引导时间状语：when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,assoonas,once,themoment,theinstant,immediately,theday,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,instantly,everytime,theminute,thesecond
(2)地点：where,wherever,everywhere
(3)条件：if,unless,providing/provided(that),aslongas,solongas,onconditionthat,suppose,supposingthat,incase,ifonly
(4)原因：because,as,since,nowthat,seeing(that),considering(that),inviewof,inthat
(5)让步：though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter...,granting/granted(that),inspiteof,despite
(6)比较：as...as,thesameas,notsoas,than
(7)方式：as,asif,asthough,theway
(8)目的：that,sothat,lest,incase,forfearthat,inorderthat
(9)结果：sothat,so...that,such...that,tosuchadegree/extentthat
__________receivingfinancialsupportfromfamily,communityorthegovernmentisallowed,itisneveradmired.(2001.1)
A)AsB)OnceC)AlthoughD)Lest
__________youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.(1999.6)
A)ForB)SinceC)BeforeD)While
9.代词
As__________announcedintoday’spapers,theShanghaiExportCommoditiesFairisalsoopenonSundays.
A)beingB)isC)tobeD)been
10.强调句型
__________sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.(2000.1)
A)NosooneritgrewdarkthanB)Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat
C)ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD)Itwasnotuntildarkthat
11.平行结构(排比)
I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than__________aroomwithsomeoneelse.(2001.1)
A)shareB)toshareC)sharingD)tohaveshared
#P#
12.独立结构
1)名词/代词+分词
Anewtechnique__________,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.(1990.1)
A)workingoutB)havingworkedout
C)havingbeenworkedoutD)tohavebeenworkedout
2)With+名词/代词+done/doing
AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys__________togotoschool.(1997.1)
A)tobeencouragedB)beingencouraged
C)beenencouragedD)beencouraged
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