英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明思维导图
New research shows dreaming about a task gives you an edge in real life. It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done fo
树图思维导图提供 英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：534b7bf2fba104a1651ad9833e75e88f
思维导图大纲
英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明思维导图模板大纲
Newresearchshowsdreamingaboutataskgivesyouanedgeinreallife.
It’slateintheevening:timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinues—inyourdreams.
Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandthefragmented,oftenbizarreimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedisassociatedwithimprovedperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularnotionthatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,researchersarecomingtorecognizethatdreamingisanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn—andthatdreamsmayevenholdoutthepossibilityofdirectingourlearningaswedoze.
Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneuralvirtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreenactmentcanbeseeninthisvideo,madeaspartofa2011studybyresearchersintheSleepDisordersUnitatPiti-SalptrireHospitalinParis.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestoagroupofpatientswithconditionslikesleepwalking,inwhichthesleeperengagesinthekindofphysicalmovementthatisnormallyinhibitedduringslumber.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,thewomanonthetapedoesafaithfulrenditionofthedancemovesshelearnedearlier—“thefirstdirectandunambiguousdemonstrationofovertbehavioralreplayofarecentlylearnedskillduringhumansleep,”writesleadauthorDelphineOudiette.
Ofcourse,mostofusarenotquitesoenergeticduringsleep—butourbrainsarebusynonetheless.Whileourbodiesareatrest,scientiststheorize,ourbrainsareextractingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatdataintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow—perhapsexplainingwhydreamsaresuchanoddmixtureoffreshexperiencesandoldmemories.Adreamaboutsomethingwe’vejustlearnedseemstobeasignthatthenewknowledgehasbeenprocessedeffectively.Ina2010studypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermazetasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytonavigatethemazecomparedtoparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.
RobertStickgold,oneoftheHarvardresearchers,suggeststhatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.Butsomescientistsarepushingthenotionofenhancinglearningthroughdreamingevenfurther,askingsleeperstomentallypracticeskillswhiletheyslumber.InapilotstudypublishedinTheSportPsychologistjournalin2010,UniversityofBernpsychologistDanielErlacherinstructedparticipantstodreamabouttossingcoinsintoacup.Thosewhosuccessfullydreamedaboutthetaskshowedsignificantimprovementintheirreal-lifecoin-tossingabilities.ExperimentslikeErlacher’sraisethepossibilitythatwecouldtrainourselvestocultivateskillswhileweslumber.Thinkaboutthatasyourheadhitsthepillowtonight.
【重点单词及短语】
retainv.保持；记住
holdout坚持；伸出；提供；维持
slumberv.睡眠；麻木状态；静止状态v.睡眠；蛰伏；麻木
overtadj.明显的；公然的；蓄意的
extractv.提取；取出；摘录
integrateinto成为一体，融入；使……并入
navigatev.驾驶，操纵；使通过
oddadj.古怪的
takeanap睡午觉；小睡一下
oddsn.几率；胜算
pilotstudy初步研究；预备试验
tosssth.into把……扔进
Questiontime:
1.Whathavescientistsfoundbetweendreamsandwhatwelearn?
2.Howdoourbrainsactwhenweareatrest?
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