英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明思维导图

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英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明思维导图

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2023-03-17 14:13:09

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　　New research shows dreaming about a task gives you an edge in real life. 　　It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done fo

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英语四级美文：日有所思夜有所梦让你更聪明思维导图模板大纲

Newresearchshowsdreamingaboutataskgivesyouanedgeinreallife.

It’slateintheevening:timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinues—inyourdreams.

Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandthefragmented,oftenbizarreimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedisassociatedwithimprovedperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularnotionthatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,researchersarecomingtorecognizethatdreamingisanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn—andthatdreamsmayevenholdoutthepossibilityofdirectingourlearningaswedoze.

Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneuralvirtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreenactmentcanbeseeninthisvideo,madeaspartofa2011studybyresearchersintheSleepDisordersUnitatPiti-SalptrireHospitalinParis.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestoagroupofpatientswithconditionslikesleepwalking,inwhichthesleeperengagesinthekindofphysicalmovementthatisnormallyinhibitedduringslumber.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,thewomanonthetapedoesafaithfulrenditionofthedancemovesshelearnedearlier—“thefirstdirectandunambiguousdemonstrationofovertbehavioralreplayofarecentlylearnedskillduringhumansleep,”writesleadauthorDelphineOudiette.

Ofcourse,mostofusarenotquitesoenergeticduringsleep—butourbrainsarebusynonetheless.Whileourbodiesareatrest,scientiststheorize,ourbrainsareextractingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatdataintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow—perhapsexplainingwhydreamsaresuchanoddmixtureoffreshexperiencesandoldmemories.Adreamaboutsomethingwe’vejustlearnedseemstobeasignthatthenewknowledgehasbeenprocessedeffectively.Ina2010studypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermazetasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytonavigatethemazecomparedtoparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.

RobertStickgold,oneoftheHarvardresearchers,suggeststhatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.Butsomescientistsarepushingthenotionofenhancinglearningthroughdreamingevenfurther,askingsleeperstomentallypracticeskillswhiletheyslumber.InapilotstudypublishedinTheSportPsychologistjournalin2010,UniversityofBernpsychologistDanielErlacherinstructedparticipantstodreamabouttossingcoinsintoacup.Thosewhosuccessfullydreamedaboutthetaskshowedsignificantimprovementintheirreal-lifecoin-tossingabilities.ExperimentslikeErlacher’sraisethepossibilitythatwecouldtrainourselvestocultivateskillswhileweslumber.Thinkaboutthatasyourheadhitsthepillowtonight.