大学英语四级美文欣赏：纽约市民平均寿命全美最高思维导图

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：纽约市民平均寿命全美最高思维导图

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　　New York City is known for a lot of things —nightlife, world-class cuisine, an enviable skyline. There is, of course, a flip side to fast-moving life in the big city: our ha

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NewYorkCityisknownforalotofthings—nightlife,world-classcuisine,anenviableskyline.Thereis,ofcourse,aflipsidetofast-movinglifeinthebigcity:ourhair-triggertempers,in-your-faceattitudesandtherelativelyconstantstateofangstthatcomesfromlivingcheek-to-jowlwithmorethan8millionurbanneighbors.

cuisinen.烹饪艺术、菜肴、烹饪；风味、（通常指昂贵的饭店中的）饭菜，菜肴

angstn.焦虑，担心

Butallofthatiswhatdrewmetothiscityandkeptmehere—I’mahappilycommittedNewYorker.I’vealwaysassumed,however,thatIwaspayingahighpriceformygo-gourbanlifestyle.Studieshaveshownthatbigcityresidentstendtohavemorestress,whichcantranslateintoskyrocketingbloodpressureandincreasedratesofheartdisease.

committedadj.尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的

Asitturnsout,Imighthavebeenwrong.LivinginNewYorkmayactuallybegoodforyourlong-termhealth,atleastaccordingtothelatestlifeexpectancydatacompiledbythecity’sBureauofVitalStatistics.BabiesborninNewYorkCityin2009canexpecttolivearecord80.6years,nearlythreeyearslongerthanin2000andmorethantwoyearslongerthanthecurrentnationalaverageof78.2years.

Bureaunn.[C]1.事务处，联络处，询问处；社，分社；（政府机构的）局，司，署，处

Lifeexpectancyfor40-year-oldNewYorkersroseto82in2009,a2.5-yearincreasefrom2000—slightlymorethandoubletheincreaseformiddle-agedAmericansonthewhole.Lifeexpectancyfor70-year-oldsinNewYorkalsoincreasedby1.5years,comparedwith0.7yearsforthecountryonaverage.Gofigure.

“IfyouwanttolivelongerandhealthierthantheaverageAmerican,thencometoNewYorkCity,”MayorMichaelBloombergtoldreportersatapressconferenceannouncingthenewfiguresonTuesday.

Isitsomethinginthewater?Notquite.AccordingtoBloomberg,thesuccesscanbeattributedinparttohisadministration’saggressivepublic-healthprograms,whichhavesoughttoreducesmoking,cutsaltconsumption,encouragehealthyeatingandbantransfatsfromfood.

Atthepressconference,heldinthematernitywardofLincolnHospitalintheBronx,HealthCommissionerDr.ThomasFarleynotedthatsince2002,nearlyhalfamillionNewYorkershavequitsmoking—thesmokingrateisnowdownto14outofevery100NewYorkers—forwhichthecityadministrationcreditsthemayor’sintensiveanti-smokingefforts,includingthebanonsmokinginbarsandrestaurants,theestablishmentofanexcisetaxoncigarettesandaquit-lineforthosewhoneedhelpkickingthehabit.

maternityn.[U]产科医院；产科病房a.适用于孕妇的；产妇的

intensiveadj.加强的，集中的；紧张进行的，彻底的，十分细致的；加强语气的

Cityofficialsattributedthecity’sdeclineindeathsfromheartdiseaseinparttothemayor’santi-smokingcampaigns(andalsotoimprovementsincareforpeoplewithhighbloodpressure,highcholesterolandheartdisease).Heartdiseasedeathsdropped27.9%since2002,contributingtotheincreaseincityresidents’lifeexpectancy.Thestatisticsalsoshowthatcancerdeathshavefallenby4.3%since2002.

Themayoralsotoutedthecity’swell-publicizedmovestorequirecaloriecountsonmenusatchainandfastfoodrestaurants,whichhebelieveshassteeredmoreNewYorkersawayfromthekindofpoordietarychoicesthatcontributetoobesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.(Ihavetoadmitthatseeingthenumberofcaloriesinafrappuccinohascurbedmyafternooncravings.)NewYorkwasthefirstcityinthenation,in2006,tobantransfats—amajorculpritinpromotingarterycloggingandheartdisease—fromrestaurantfoods,includingeverythingfrompizzatobagels.

culpritn.犯错的人；罪犯；肇事者；引起问题的事物

arteryn.动脉；主流，干道

However,themostsignificantcontributortoNewYorkers’increasedlifeexpectancyhadnothingtodowithsmokingordiet.Rather,itwasthecity’sexpandedtestingandtreatmentofpeoplewithHIV.Morethan90%ofpatientswhoarediagnosedwithHIVinthecity’shealthsystemcurrentlyreceivedrugtreatmentwithin90days;in2011alone,thecitytested195,516patients,morethanthreetimesasmanypeopletestedsixyearsearlier,helpingtoreducemortalityfromHIVandAIDS.ThedeathratefromHIVisdecliningfasterthanothercausesofdeathinNewYorkCity,down11.3%since2000and51.9%since2002.

“ByinvestinginhealthcareandcontinuingtoencouragemoreNewYorkerstotakechargeoftheirownhealth,we’veexperienceddramaticimprovementsinlifeexpectancy,”themayorsaid.

Cityofficialssaidthatoverdosedeathsfromheroin,cocaineandotherillicitdrugswerealsodown,furtherboostinglifeexpectancy.Infantmortalityrateshadalsodropped,reflectinghealthiermothersandbetterobstetricandpediatriccare.

overdosev.[T]使…用药过量；n.过量用药

illicita.非法的；违法的；违背社会常规的；不正当的

Althoughthenewlifeexpectancynumbersareencouraging,thefactremainsthatheartdisease,cancerandflu/pneumoniaarestillthetopthreeleadingcausesofdeathinNewYork,followedbylungdiseaseanddiabetes.(ThisisNewYork,afterall,andnoteverybodytakeskindlytobeingtoldnottosmokeoreatfastfood.)AthirdofalldeathsinNewYorkoccurbeforeage65,withmorethan15,000NewYorkersdyingprematurelyeachyear.

Butmanyofthesedeathscanbeprevented,andthecityishardatworktrying—asitspublic-healthcampaignsdemonstrate.ThehealthmessagesinNewYorkareubiquitousandpersistent;youcan’tavoidthem(muchlikeNewYorkersthemselves).So,ifthere’sanyupsidetostandinginacrowdedsubwaycareverydayorfightingthroughthehordesatTimesSquare,maybeit’sthatthecity’spervasivehealth-promotingbillboardsandadsmightsoonsinkin.

ubiquitousadj.到处存在的，无处不在的，十分普遍的