大学英语四级美文欣赏：纽约市民平均寿命全美最高思维导图
New York City is known for a lot of things —nightlife, world-class cuisine, an enviable skyline. There is, of course, a flip side to fast-moving life in the big city: our ha
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大学英语四级美文欣赏：纽约市民平均寿命全美最高思维导图模板大纲
NewYorkCityisknownforalotofthings—nightlife,world-classcuisine,anenviableskyline.Thereis,ofcourse,aflipsidetofast-movinglifeinthebigcity:ourhair-triggertempers,in-your-faceattitudesandtherelativelyconstantstateofangstthatcomesfromlivingcheek-to-jowlwithmorethan8millionurbanneighbors.
cuisinen.烹饪艺术、菜肴、烹饪；风味、（通常指昂贵的饭店中的）饭菜，菜肴
angstn.焦虑，担心
Butallofthatiswhatdrewmetothiscityandkeptmehere—I’mahappilycommittedNewYorker.I’vealwaysassumed,however,thatIwaspayingahighpriceformygo-gourbanlifestyle.Studieshaveshownthatbigcityresidentstendtohavemorestress,whichcantranslateintoskyrocketingbloodpressureandincreasedratesofheartdisease.
committedadj.尽心尽力的，坚信的，坚定的
Asitturnsout,Imighthavebeenwrong.LivinginNewYorkmayactuallybegoodforyourlong-termhealth,atleastaccordingtothelatestlifeexpectancydatacompiledbythecity’sBureauofVitalStatistics.BabiesborninNewYorkCityin2009canexpecttolivearecord80.6years,nearlythreeyearslongerthanin2000andmorethantwoyearslongerthanthecurrentnationalaverageof78.2years.
Bureaunn.[C]1.事务处，联络处，询问处；社，分社；（政府机构的）局，司，署，处
Lifeexpectancyfor40-year-oldNewYorkersroseto82in2009,a2.5-yearincreasefrom2000—slightlymorethandoubletheincreaseformiddle-agedAmericansonthewhole.Lifeexpectancyfor70-year-oldsinNewYorkalsoincreasedby1.5years,comparedwith0.7yearsforthecountryonaverage.Gofigure.
“IfyouwanttolivelongerandhealthierthantheaverageAmerican,thencometoNewYorkCity,”MayorMichaelBloombergtoldreportersatapressconferenceannouncingthenewfiguresonTuesday.
Isitsomethinginthewater?Notquite.AccordingtoBloomberg,thesuccesscanbeattributedinparttohisadministration’saggressivepublic-healthprograms,whichhavesoughttoreducesmoking,cutsaltconsumption,encouragehealthyeatingandbantransfatsfromfood.
Atthepressconference,heldinthematernitywardofLincolnHospitalintheBronx,HealthCommissionerDr.ThomasFarleynotedthatsince2002,nearlyhalfamillionNewYorkershavequitsmoking—thesmokingrateisnowdownto14outofevery100NewYorkers—forwhichthecityadministrationcreditsthemayor’sintensiveanti-smokingefforts,includingthebanonsmokinginbarsandrestaurants,theestablishmentofanexcisetaxoncigarettesandaquit-lineforthosewhoneedhelpkickingthehabit.
maternityn.[U]产科医院；产科病房a.适用于孕妇的；产妇的
intensiveadj.加强的，集中的；紧张进行的，彻底的，十分细致的；加强语气的
Cityofficialsattributedthecity’sdeclineindeathsfromheartdiseaseinparttothemayor’santi-smokingcampaigns(andalsotoimprovementsincareforpeoplewithhighbloodpressure,highcholesterolandheartdisease).Heartdiseasedeathsdropped27.9%since2002,contributingtotheincreaseincityresidents’lifeexpectancy.Thestatisticsalsoshowthatcancerdeathshavefallenby4.3%since2002.
Themayoralsotoutedthecity’swell-publicizedmovestorequirecaloriecountsonmenusatchainandfastfoodrestaurants,whichhebelieveshassteeredmoreNewYorkersawayfromthekindofpoordietarychoicesthatcontributetoobesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.(Ihavetoadmitthatseeingthenumberofcaloriesinafrappuccinohascurbedmyafternooncravings.)NewYorkwasthefirstcityinthenation,in2006,tobantransfats—amajorculpritinpromotingarterycloggingandheartdisease—fromrestaurantfoods,includingeverythingfrompizzatobagels.
culpritn.犯错的人；罪犯；肇事者；引起问题的事物
arteryn.动脉；主流，干道
However,themostsignificantcontributortoNewYorkers’increasedlifeexpectancyhadnothingtodowithsmokingordiet.Rather,itwasthecity’sexpandedtestingandtreatmentofpeoplewithHIV.Morethan90%ofpatientswhoarediagnosedwithHIVinthecity’shealthsystemcurrentlyreceivedrugtreatmentwithin90days;in2011alone,thecitytested195,516patients,morethanthreetimesasmanypeopletestedsixyearsearlier,helpingtoreducemortalityfromHIVandAIDS.ThedeathratefromHIVisdecliningfasterthanothercausesofdeathinNewYorkCity,down11.3%since2000and51.9%since2002.
“ByinvestinginhealthcareandcontinuingtoencouragemoreNewYorkerstotakechargeoftheirownhealth,we’veexperienceddramaticimprovementsinlifeexpectancy,”themayorsaid.
Cityofficialssaidthatoverdosedeathsfromheroin,cocaineandotherillicitdrugswerealsodown,furtherboostinglifeexpectancy.Infantmortalityrateshadalsodropped,reflectinghealthiermothersandbetterobstetricandpediatriccare.
overdosev.[T]使…用药过量；n.过量用药
illicita.非法的；违法的；违背社会常规的；不正当的
Althoughthenewlifeexpectancynumbersareencouraging,thefactremainsthatheartdisease,cancerandflu/pneumoniaarestillthetopthreeleadingcausesofdeathinNewYork,followedbylungdiseaseanddiabetes.(ThisisNewYork,afterall,andnoteverybodytakeskindlytobeingtoldnottosmokeoreatfastfood.)AthirdofalldeathsinNewYorkoccurbeforeage65,withmorethan15,000NewYorkersdyingprematurelyeachyear.
Butmanyofthesedeathscanbeprevented,andthecityishardatworktrying—asitspublic-healthcampaignsdemonstrate.ThehealthmessagesinNewYorkareubiquitousandpersistent;youcan’tavoidthem(muchlikeNewYorkersthemselves).So,ifthere’sanyupsidetostandinginacrowdedsubwaycareverydayorfightingthroughthehordesatTimesSquare,maybeit’sthatthecity’spervasivehealth-promotingbillboardsandadsmightsoonsinkin.
ubiquitousadj.到处存在的，无处不在的，十分普遍的
pervasivea.遍布的，充斥各处的，弥漫的
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