初中英语定语从句知识点相关内容的整理
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初中英语定语从句知识点思维导图思维导图模板大纲
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that、which、who(宾格whom,所有格whose等,关系副词包括where、when、why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
1、that既可以用于人,也可以用于物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。
如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主语)
The coat (that) i put on the desk is blue.(that作宾语)
2、which用于物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略。
如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主语)
The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语)
3、who、whom用于人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
如:the girl who often helps me with my english is form England.(作主语)
who is the teacher (whom)Li Ming is talking to?(作宾语)
注意:
1).当定语从句中含有介词,词放在句末时,who,whom , that , which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
如:This is the house in which we lived last year.
please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
2).含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,
只能放在原来的位置上。
如:This is the person whom you are looking for.
3).that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
如:The city that she lives in is very far away.
4).关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
如:He was the first person that passed the exam.
b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many ,everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用 which.
如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
c.先行词被 the only,the very, the same,the last, little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用 which.
如:This is the same bike that I lost.
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.
如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复,只能用that.
如:Who is the girl that is crying ?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,
如:There is a book on the desk that belongs toTom.
(5).关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.
如:What' s that which is under the desk ?
b.关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.
如:This is the room in which he lives.
c.引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which,而不用that,
如:Tom came back , which made us happy.
1.when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。
如:This was the time when he arrived.
2.where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where 在定语从句中作地点状语。
如:This is place where he works.
3.why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从中做原因状语。
如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
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