人教版英语八下第五单元第二节思维导图

prepare sth.表示"准备......"，后接名词或代词作宾语。

Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.我进办公室时，我们的英语老师在备课。

prepare to do sth.表示"准备做......"。

They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他们正准备过河，突然下雨了

The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正在准备期末考试

run over 撞倒 run →ran→ run→ running → runner 赛跑的人

run after 追逐,追求 run away from 从..跑掉;逃避 run out (某物)被用完 run out of 用完(某物)

run into 无意间碰到,和..相撞excitement 激动；兴奋

fall “落下，跌落，降落”，指在重力的作用下落下，或失去平衡而跌落 The leaves fall in the autumn.

fall down 强调的是“滑倒、倒下”，后接宾语时应加上介词 from The book fell down from the table to the floor.

fall down 倒下 fall over 落在...之上, 脸朝下跌倒fall off 下降, 跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。

die v“死”表示生命的结束→ dead adj 死的→death n 死亡

die from + 外因 “死于..”，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故

The old man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸

die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因

die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992.

die out“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了

ill /sick 共同点："生病的；有病的"不同

ill adj."生病的；有病的"作表语，不能作定语

She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father .她在照顾她生病的父亲sick "恶心的；厌倦的"

The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心

spend . (in) doing 花时间做某事spend/pay/cost/take 花费spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sthsb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sthspend on= pay for 支付

He spends too much time on the computer games.

It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.off 切断，停止

cut down 砍伐；砍倒 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree与 cut 有关的短语

cut something from something 切下，割下 cut something away 切除，剪去 cut up 切碎 cut

There be + 名词（短语） + ving. 某处有某人或某物在做某事

There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.

less 是 little（小；少）的比较级： He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。

“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不.”“更不.”解。

It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨天那样冷。not less than + 基数词表示"不下于；

至少；不止" no less than + 基数词表示"达......之多（言其多）"

There are not less than 40 students in this class. 这个班级至少有 40 个学生。

No less than 1,000 people were missing in the earthquake.地震中失踪人数多达一千人