英语课程教学重点思维导图

William Golding （威廉·戈尔 丁）

英国

1983 年获诺贝尔文学奖，作品多探讨人性黑暗与社会问题，代表作《蝇王》

The author recalls school days in the sixth form, describes the headmaster's three - level thinking concept, and his initial view of thinking as mysterious, also mentions his status as an ambitious yet ignorant student then.

作者回忆六年级校园时光，讲述校长提出的三个思考层次，以及自己起初觉得思考很神秘，还提到当时自己虽有抱负却懵懂无知。

Elaborates on the first - level thinking of unthinking acceptance. Gives examples of people following the crowd and a class experience where students mindlessly accept the teacher's words.

阐述第一层次思考，即不假思索地接受。举例说明人们随波逐流，以及课堂上学生盲目接受老师观点的情况。

Introduces the second - level thinking of destructive criticism. People at this level are good at finding faults but lack constructive solutions. The author shares his own past indulgence in this negative thinking.

介绍第二层次思考，即破坏性批判。这一层次的人善于挑刺，却提不出建设性方案。作者讲述自己曾沉迷于这种消极思考。

The author approaches the third - level creative and constructive thinking. An encounter with a girl in the library makes him realize the importance of independent and positive thinking, and that thinking as a hobby can change one's life.

作者逐步触及第三层次，即创造性和建设性思考。在图书馆与女孩的相遇，让他意识到独立、积极思考的重要性，以及将思考作为爱好能改变生活。

The author reflects on his growth in understanding thinking. He realizes his progress from lower - level thinking and concludes that thinking as a hobby enriches his life and makes him more capable.

作者反思自己对思考理解的成长，意识到已从较低层次提升，得出思考作为爱好丰富生活、提升能力的结论。

n. 大惊小怪；忙乱；v. 瞎忙；大惊小怪

例句：Don't make such a fuss over a small thing.（别为一件小事这么大惊小怪的。

例句：She fussed around the kitchen all morning.（她一上午都在厨房里瞎忙。）

v. 嘲笑，冷笑；n. 嘲笑，冷笑

例句：They sneered at his efforts.（他们嘲笑他的努力。）

-例句：There was a sneer on his face when he heard the news.（他听到这个消息时脸上露出冷笑。）

adj. 荒谬的；可笑的

例句：It's absurd to believe that the earth is flat.（相信地球是平的，这太荒谬了。）

adj. 雄辩的；有口才的；有说服力的

例句：Her eloquent words moved everyone in the room.（她那有说服力的话语感动了房间里的每一个人。）

adj. 差的；自卑的；下级的；n. 下级；次品

例句：This product is inferior in quality to that one.（这种产品的质量比那种差。）

例句：The manager should treat his inferiors with respect.（经理应该尊重他的下属。

adj. 自大的，傲慢的

例句：He is so arrogant that he never listens to others' opinions.（他太傲慢了，从不听别人的意见。）

adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的

例句：His vulgar language is not suitable for this occasion.（他粗俗的语言不适合这个场合。）

v. 沉思；注视；思忖；预期

She sat there contemplating the future.（她坐在那里思考着未来。）

adj. 有缺陷的；不充分的

例句：His knowledge in this field is deficient.（他在这个领域的知识是不足的。）

例句：Don't make a fuss of such a trivial matter.（别对这么一件小事小题大做。）

例句：It's not polite to sneer at others' mistakes.（嘲笑别人的错误是不礼貌的。）

例句：We should not be prejudiced against people with disabilities.（我们不应该对残疾人有偏见。）

-例句：The service in this restaurant is inferior to that in the other one.（这家餐馆的服务比那家差。）

例句：He likes to contemplate on the meaning of life in his spare time.（他喜欢在业余时间思考人生的意义。）

-例句：He is deficient in social skills.（他在社交技能方面缺乏。）

例句：He put forward a new plan at the meeting.（他在会议上提出了一个新计划。）

这时，我站在三一巷一座古老房子的阁楼卧室门口，当时我就住在那里，我非常想下去拿一块价值4便士的蛋糕和蜂蜜一起吃。

-分析：“I was at this point standing at the door...”是句子主干，“in an ancient house in Trinity Lane”作地点状语，“in which I was then living”是 which 引导的定语从句修饰“an ancient house”，“and I had a great mind to...”是并列句，“to go down and get...”是不定式作宾语。

只有当你把马车挂在比自己更大的东西上时，你才会意识到自己的真正潜力。

这是一个强调句，“It is...that...”是强调结构，强调的是时间状语“only when you hitch your wagon to something larger than yourself”，“hitch...to...”是固定短语，

一级思维是最不活跃的思维，因为它主要由偏见组成，而偏见本质上是被动的。

“The first grade of thinking is the least active kind of thinking”是主句，“for it consists mainly of prejudices”是 for 引导的原因状语从句，“and prejudices are of their nature passive”是并列句对前面进一步解释说明。