考研英语语法难点归纳1思维导图
考研英语语法难点归纳之情态动词知识点
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思维导图大纲
考研英语语法难点归纳1思维导图模板大纲
（一）情态动词
一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法
1．表示已经发生的情况。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。
例:
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
（答案为C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。
例:
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
（答案为A）
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。
例:
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚拟语气。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。
例:
You needn’t have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
(没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D)
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。
例:
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。
例:
Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。
例:
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。
例:
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二．几个情态动词常考的句型：
1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
例:
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
2) ．cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….
例:
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
驾车时候，越小心越好。
3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。
例:
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized
最后一章介绍了组织变革与发展，这个主题怎么强调都不为过
4）．should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。
例:
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.
我无法想象他竟然这样做。
三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。
例:
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
例:
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
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