新东方中考网为广大中考生整理了中考英语语法知识点:虚拟语气/倒装句/独立主格三者如何辨别,供大家参考。
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中考英语语法知识点:虚拟语气/倒装句/独立主格三者如何辨别思维导图模板大纲
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.
如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带。(事实:我并不是你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
eg:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)
3、表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
除了以上三种主要情况,虚拟语气还有以下几种结构和用法哦。
1、 当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
eg:Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
2、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等
eg:
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
3、 有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.
他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam.
你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.
要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it.
我要是得到它了该多好啊。
4.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
在英语中,主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
①谓语+主语+……
There be(的各种形式)+主语(+地点或时间状语)
例子:
There was a drop in the temperature.
温度下降了。
There are birds singing in the tree.
鸟儿在树上唱歌。
②副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
例子:
Out rushed a young lady.
一个年轻的女士冲了出来。
③过去分词或现在分词+be动词的各种形式+主语+……
例子:
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.
几本书和杂志散落在地板上。
2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
例如:
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about.
疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。
部分倒装也有以下几种常见类型:
1. 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:
例:
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。
2.以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
例:
Only in the country can you learn the "true English".
只有处在本国,你才能学到"真正的英语。"
3.介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point
例:
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
无论如何,你都应该把钱借给保罗。
4. 由as引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:
Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.
正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。
She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).
她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!
b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作"尽管"之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.
虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格。
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:
Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.
因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。
d) 等于so时,意义是"也,也是"
例:
She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.
她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。
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