Unit4 The Universe can be explained by the Big Bang
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Unit4 The Universe can be explained by the Big Ban思维导图模板大纲
Key Terms: Universe
Defination
All the matter, energy, planets, stars, galaxies, in which it exists in everywhere and all the space it exists.
Concept1: “Universe”is understood as different things to different people.
Information Of The Universe
The story of the universe begain with 13.8 billion years ago.
Type Of Universe
Infinite Universe
Bubble Universe
Parallel Universe
Daughter Universe
Observable Universe
Scientific Notation
Defination
A way to write very large and very small numbers.
Meaning For Each Part
19.3
double digital plus decimal
exponent can be +/-
Example
Astronomical Units
Defination
How to measure the distance in the solar system.
Understand
1 Astronomical Unit = The average distance from the sun to the earth.
1 AU = 150 000 000, km(150 million km)
Example
Light Year
Defination
The distance the light travel in one year.
Understand
1 light year (ly) = about 9.5 trillion kilometers or 9 500 000 000 000 km
speed of light is about 300,000,000 m/s = 300,000km/s
Example
Concept 2: The sense we make of the universe depends on who we are, when we are, and what we know.
Concept 1: We see a variety of objects thatappear in the sky in mostly predictable wavs.
We can see in the night sky are: Sun, Moon, stars, and planets.
Ancient astronomy
Celestial sphere
An imaginary spinning sphere with all the objects in the night sky on it.
It extends around the Earth, divided into northern and southern hemispheres.
The Ecliptic
The path of the sun and other celestial bodies across the celestial sphere.
The path of the sun and other celestial bodies across the celestial sphere.
Constellation
Groups of stars that form a pattern in the sky.
There are 88 constellation.
Retrograd Εmotion
Make the planet appear to move across the sky, then circle back in the opposite direction.
The position of Mars in comparison to background stars during retrograde Each dot represents the new position of the planet every 10 days during that time.
Navigating The Night Sky
Two celestial coordinates are used to describe the positions of celestial bodies.
Concept1:We have invented telescopes and other devices that extend and enhance our sense of sight.
The 26-meter radio telescope is part of the Daotomorrow Physics Observatory near Penticton. The observatory is owned and operated by the National Research Council of Canada.
Tecknology And The Universe
Studying Objects At Different Waving
Different telescopes show different planetary information based on different wavelengths.
Concept2:We know that our Milky Way galaxy is just one of many billions of galaxies in the universe.
Galaxy
Billions of stars, plus gas and dust, are gravitationally bound together.
Milky Way is our galaxy.
In a dark sky, on a clear night, the Milky Way looks like a white band across the night sky.
Discovery of Galaxies
Galileo (1564-1642) was the first to use a telescope to observe the stars of the Milky Way galaxy.
Galileo (1564-1642) was the first to use a telescope to observe the stars of the Milky Way galaxy.
The Shape Of The Galaxies
Concept3:There are vast distances separating stars and separating galaxies.
Stars Clusters
A collection of stars held together by gravity.
Types
The open cluster contains 50-1,000 stars around the disk of the Milky Way.
Globular clusters have between 100,000 and 1 million stars around the center of the Milky Way.
Milky Way
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
The shape is dis-like.
In the center is a halo of globular star clusters.
100 00 light-years in diameter.
Part of the Local Group made up of 50 galaxies.
Light Years
Concept4:The properties of stars help us develop an understanding of their life cycles.
Stars
The brightness, temperature, composition and mass of a star indicate what stage in its life cycle it is in.
Colour&Temperature
The colour of a star indicates how hot its surface temperature is.
Very hot stars appear blue colour.
Very cold stars appear red stars.
Stars Composition
Spectroscopes are used to analyze the light from stars to determine their elemental composition.
Life Cycle Of A Star
Birth
Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust called nebulae.
First they form a protostar.
The protostar goes on to become a main sequence star.
Concept1:The big bang theory is based on two main sets of evidence: redshift and cosmic background radiation.
How Can We Use Big Bang Theory?
Describe how the components of the universe formed and have changed over time.
Explain how the universe started.
Evidence #1 Prequel: Sound and Light Wavelength
Produced by waves of matter interacting with other objects in space.
The wave have sepecific wavelength.
The measure length are different colours.
Redshift
Evidence #2 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Radiation left over from the big bang.
Detected by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Explorer (WMAP).
These images show the CMBR. Color shows temperature change (blue - cold, yellow - red - warm)
Concept2:The big bang theory helps us describe how the components of the universe formed and have changed over time.
Concept3:There is much about the universe that we still cannot explain.
Dark Matter
The mass in the universe than visible matter.
Forming a large spherical halo around a galaxy, like Andromeda.
Dark Energy
Because of dark energy, the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
The intensity of dark energy increases with distance.
Name
Hubble Space Telescope
Location/Latitude and longitude
332 miles (535 km) above Earth's surface
28.5 degrees north and 28.5 degrees south
Facts
Launched in April 24,1990 and remains in operation.
Edwin Hubble built it.
Type
Cassegrain reflector telescope
Information
It has a 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) mirror and observes in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
It is the first astronomical observatory in orbit that can record images in these wavelengths.
It is the size of a large school bus and weighs as much as two adult elephants.
It travels around Earth at about 5 miles per second and orbits at an altitude of approximately 332 miles (535 km).
Famous Discoveries
Thanks in part to the Hubble Space Telescope, we know the universe is 13.7 billion years old.
Nearly all galaxies may harbor supermassive black holes.
The Hubble Space Telescope has helped scientists determine the process of how planets are born.
Sitation
Dunbar, B. (n.d.). Hubble accomplishments. NASA. Retrieved April 21, 2023, from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/accomplishments_index.html#:~:text=Hubble%20Accomplishments%201%20Age%20of%20the%20Universe%20%E2%86%92,Organic%20Matter%20...%205%20Dark%20Energy%20%E2%86%92%20
NASA. (2020, October 5). In depth. NASA. Retrieved April 21, 2023, from https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hubble-space-telescope/in-depth/
Hill, T. (2015, April 30). You can see the hubble space telescope in the sky above. Phys.org. Retrieved April 21, 2023, from https://phys.org/news/2015-04-hubble-space-telescope-sky.html#:~:text=Hubble%20is%20best%20seen%20from%20areas%20of%20the,the%20easiest%20and%20most%20economical%20orbit%20to%20establish.
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