高三英语语法知识点归纳思维导图

“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语主语补语或宾语补语.有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下：一感feel.二听hear,listen to,三让have,1et, make,四看see,watCh,notice,observe.再加上help somebodytodo something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊：get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词the -ing form作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话：Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand忍受. 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜：“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”.其相对应的动词依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise;

advise/suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can“t stand.

1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别.

2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which：that之前是不定代词、序数词、形容词级：which之前是介词短语与逗号非限制性.

1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语不定式、动名词或从句则放于谓语或表语之后.

2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语：2f2tcjmfind,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make.

3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分主语、宾语、 状语,可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是：It iswas+ 被强调部分+thatwho+句子的其余部分.

学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜：副adv.介prep.提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不

倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明：

A、Here comes the bus.副词提前,全倒装

B、Here he comes.代词作主语,不倒装

C、In front of the house lies a garden.介词短语提前,全倒装

D、Never shall I do this again.否定词提前,部分倒装

E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.让步状语从句,表语倒装

F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.only 修饰状语,主句倒装

G、Only he can save the patient.only修饰主语.不倒装

H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.否定词提前,部分倒装

I、Not only he but also we like sports.连接两个主语,不倒装

虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下：纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级：条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would should,could,might;表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语从句：现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级：提建议,用虚拟,宾语从句动词用shoulddo：俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order：It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟：部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do. 下面举例说明：

A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. 条件句虚拟

B、Without air,there would be no living things.同上

C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.表示愿望虚拟

D、He demanded that we shouldstart right away.表示建议虚拟

E、It ishightime that we left should leavenow.特殊从句虚拟

F、I would rather you gave me the book.同上

G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,主语从句虚拟

H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. 特殊从句虚拟

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day morning, year…,the following monthweek…,etc.

3.基本结构：主语

+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。

I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen

3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其它

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?

He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。