高中英语知识点总结人教版思维导图

虚拟条件句　　条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。　　l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should could，would，或might+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard.　　2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+shouldcould, would，或might+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term　　3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should could.+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.　　注意：　　1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。　　2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都遵守上述句型。　　3.在条件句中如果出现were，had，should可省去if'　　将这些词提前置于句首构成倒装，例如：w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球，我就可以亲眼目睹它的样子了。

名词性虚拟语气　　在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气。基本句型为：主语+should+动词原形，例如：　　1.Mother insisted that John should go to bed atnine o'clock宾语从句　　2.It was required that the crops should be:harvested at once.主语从句　　3.The suggestion that he should be invited wasrejected.同位语从句　　4.That is their demand that their wages should bemcreased.表语从句　　注意：在这种句子中绝不能出现“would”“must”“could”等。

虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句　　1.wish后的宾语从句。　　与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如：　　I wi。hIwere you.　　与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would could+原形。　　2.It's time句型：当lt's tine后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL　　3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。　　lIf only he could come.他要能来就好了。　　2If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。　　4.WOuld rather，as ifthough引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如：　　lI'd rather you posted the letter right away.　　2She loves the children as if they were hers.　　5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：　　1介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。　　2连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided倘若……，for fear that唯恐，in orderthat, on condition that, if only要是……就好了等。　　注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。　　3通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。　　without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如：　　①Without you,1 would never know him　　②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it　　③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .　　④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.　　⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.　　⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!

副词的排列顺序：　　1 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。　　2 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。　　Please write slowly and carefully.　　3 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。　　注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。　　改错：错　I very like English.　　对　I like English very much.　　注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。　　I don't know him well enough.　　There is enough food for everyone to eat.　　There is food enough for everyone to eat.

Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别　　一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为"无论什么/无论谁"。　　It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.　　A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever　　解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的 whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是"无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的"，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。比较下例：　　I can't remember at the moment who has said the words. 这里的who表特定的某人　　Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句　　Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。　　-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.　　-Is that ____ you had a few days off?　　A. why B. when C. that D. where　　解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。　　"介词+whom引导的宾语从句"与"介词+ whom"引导的定语从句的区别　　介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。　　It was a matter of ____ would take the position.　　A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever　　解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who作宾语时自然要用whom。