中国对美进口钢材展开反倾销调查思维导图

在 钢材和其他工业产品需求疲弱，各国生产商都为日渐萎缩的全球市场份额展开竞争之际，中国启动了据信是首次针对美国进口钢材的反倾销调查，加剧了美中之间的紧张形势。 中国商务部周一宣布进行反倾销调查，以确定美国炼钢厂商和未点名的俄罗斯生产商是否以

China launched what is believed to be its first investigation into imports of U.S. steel, escalating tensions between the U.S. and China as demand for steel and other industrial products remains weak and producers vie for a shrinking share of the global market. 在钢材和其他工业产品需求疲弱，各国生产商都为日渐萎缩的全球市场份额展开竞争之际，中国启动了据信是首次针对美国进口钢材的反倾销调查，加剧了美中之间的紧张形势。

The Chinese Ministry of Commerce said Monday that it opened an antidumping case to determine if U.S. steelmakers and unnamed Russian producers sold a specialized type of flat-rolled steel used in electrical transformers below market value. The ministry said it was also investigating U.S. federal and state subsidies for steel producers. 中国商务部周一宣布进行反倾销调查，以确定美国炼钢厂商和未点名的俄罗斯生产商是否以低于市场价值的价格销售用于变压器的一种特殊的平板轧钢。商务部称，同时还在调查美国联邦政府和各州为钢铁厂商提供的补贴。

The move by the Chinese government, which comes as Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner visits Beijing, follows an antidumping suit brought in April by seven U.S. steelmakers and the United Steelworkers union, alleging that China unfairly dumped types of tubular and steel pipe used in oil drilling onto the U.S. market last year. The case, one of the biggest to date filed by the U.S. against China, was expected to be the first in a string of steel-dumping cases against China as a downturn in the global economy put a strain on import-export markets and steelmakers around the world shut down plants and reduced operating capacity.

Reuters

武汉钢铁股份有限公司的一名工人，摄于2007年中国政府此举发生在美国财长盖特纳(Timothy Geithner)访问北京之际。此前美国7家钢铁厂商和美国联合钢铁工人工会(United Steelworkers of America)于4月提出反倾销诉讼，指控中国去年向美国市场倾销多种用于油井钻探的钢管。这桩反倾销诉讼是美国迄今对中国提起的规模最大的诉讼之一，随着全球经济低迷令进出口市场出现紧张状况，世界各国钢铁生产厂商纷纷关闭工厂、降低营运产能，预计这桩反倾销案只是个开始，以后还会出现一连串针对中国的钢材反倾销诉讼。

'One of the things that we have always been concerned about is trade actions tend to beget more trade actions,' said Dave Phelps, president of the American Institute for International Steel, a trade group that lobbies and represents domestic and foreign producers. 美国国际钢铁协会(American Institute for International Steel)总裁菲尔普斯(Dave Phelps)说，我们一直担心的一个问题是，贸易措施往往会招致更多的贸易措施。该协会是代表国内外生产厂商的游说机构。

The case was opened after two Chinese steelmakers, Wuhan Iron & Steel Co. and Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., the country's largest steelmaker, filed a petition saying that AK Steel Holding Corp. of West Chester, Ohio, and Allegheny Technologies Inc. of Pittsburgh, as well as unnamed Russian manufacturers, dumped steel into China and put the Chinese producers at a competitive disadvantage. 两家中国钢铁厂商武汉钢铁股份有限公司(Wuhan Iron & Steel Co.)和宝山钢铁股份有限公司(Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.)提交反倾销反补贴调查申请称，美国的AK Steel Holding Co.和Allegheny Technologies Inc.以及没有指名的俄罗斯生产商向中国倾销钢铁，并造成中国厂商处于竞争劣势，随后商务部立案调查。宝钢是中国最大的炼钢厂商。

Alan McCoy, AK Steel spokesman, said the company received a copy of the allegation translated into English on Monday and will need time to review it. Dan Greenfield, a spokesman for Allegheny Technologies, said the company had no comment. AK Steel发言人迈考伊(Alan McCoy)说，公司周一收到了一份翻译成英文的控词，需要时间审阅。Allegheny Technologies的发言人格林菲尔德(Dan Greenfield)说公司对此不予置评。

It is far more common for the U.S. to file unfair trade suits against China, especially in the steel industry, because China has exported far more steel to the U.S. U.S. companies have alleged that China has subsidized its steel industry and sold exports at prices below those in domestic markets or below the cost of production. However, imports into China have been climbing, and the Chinese government is concerned about its own industry's recovery efforts. 美国针对中国提起反倾销诉讼的情况更为常见，尤其是在钢铁行业，因为中国对美国出口的钢材数量多得多。美国公司曾指控过中国向其钢铁行业提供补贴，并以低于国内市场价格或低于生产成本的价格出售出口产品。不过中国进口钢材数量也在攀升，中国政府担心国内钢铁行业的复苏措施。

Analysts said it was hard to see why the U.S. producers of electrical steel would have been selling steel at prices below Chinese producers. 'I'm assuming that the prices into China were new sales at spot prices that were escalating,' said John Tumazos, a metals analyst who heads Very Independent Research LLC. 分析师们认为，很难理解美国电工钢生产商为什么会以低于中国厂商的价格销售钢材。Very Independent Research LLC的负责人、金属行业分析师图玛佐斯(John Tumazos)说，我假定进入中国市场的钢材价格是逐步升高的新的现货价格。

Still, some analysts said they believe the move by the Chinese government is an effort to sway the U.S. Trade Commission in deciding the April case. 'This is political,' said Michelle Applebaum of Steel Market Intelligence in Chicago. Ms. Appelbaum also said she believes the filing was timed to Mr. Geithner's visit to Beijing. 'I think the timing is very heavily influenced by Geithner being there.' 一些分析师仍然认为中国政府此举是为了影响美国贸易委员会对4月份反倾销诉讼案上的决策。芝加哥钢铁业研究公司Steel Market Intelligence的阿普勒鲍姆(Michelle Applebaum)说，这一举动具有政治意味。她还认为，中国企业特意选在盖特纳访华时提起诉讼。她说,这个时机的把握受到了盖特纳访华的很大影响。

Separately, on Tuesday, the U.S. International Trade Commission will hold a hearing on the impact of Chinese exports of tires, in which the steelworkers union and members of Congress are expected to testify that the U.S. market is being flooded with inexpensive consumer tires, resulting in plant closures and the loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs. 另一方面，美国国际贸易委员会周二将对中国出口美国轮胎的影响举行听证会，美国联合钢铁工人工会和国会议员据信将作证，说明美国市场充斥着廉价消费轮胎，导致美国企业关闭工厂以及制造业流失职位。