2017年12月英语四级美文：How to Avoid Foolish Opinions思维导图
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2017年12月英语四级美文：How to Avoid Foolish Opinions思维导图模板大纲
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2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总
HowtoAvoidFoolishOpinions
Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindisprone,
nosuperhumangeniusisrequired.
Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,
notfromallerror,
butfromsillyerror.
Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservation,
maketheobservationyourself.
Aristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinking
thatwomenhavefewerteeththanmen,
bythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotle
tokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.
Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.
Thinkingthatyouknow
wheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistake,
towhichweareallprone.
Manymatters,however,
arelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.
If,likemostofmankind,
youhaveconvictionsonmanysuchmatters,
therearewaysinwhich
youcanmakeyourselfawareofyourownbias.
Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,
thatisasignthatyouaresubconsciouslyaware
ofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.
Ifsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefive,
youfeelpityratherthananger.
Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmatters
astowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.
Persecutionisusedintheology,notinarithmetic,
becauseinarithmeticthereisknowledge,
butintheologythereisonlyopinion.
Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangry
aboutadifferenceofopinion,
beonyourguard;youwillprobablyfind,
onexamination,
thatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencewarrants.
Agoodwayofridingyourselfofcertainkindsofdogmatism
istobecomeawareofopinionsheldinsocialcirclesdifferentfromyourown.
Seekoutpeoplewithwhomyoudisagree,
andreadanewspaperbelongingtoapartythatisnotyours.
Ifthepeopleandthenewspaperseemmadandwicked,
remindyourselfthatyouseemsotothem.
Inthisopinionbothpartiesmayberight,
buttheycannotbothbewrong.
Thisreflectionshouldgeneratecaution.
2017年12月英语四级美文100篇汇总
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