2017年12月英语四级语法常考考点之被动语态思维导图

1)一般说来，表示被动意义要用被动态，构成被动态的动词必须是及物动词，不及物动词是没有被动态的。但是，英语里有些不及物动词在SV(A)结构中却含有被动意义，用来表示主语的某种特征、属性。

2)当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。

带宾语分句(主要是that分句)的句子可以转换为两种被动句型。

【例如】

Peoplethinkthatsheishonest.(a)

→Itisthoughtthatsheishonest.(b)

→Sheisthoughttobehonest.(c)

(b)以it作形式主语，将(a)中的动词变为被动态，保留(a)中的that分句;(c)将分句的主语变成被动句中的主语，将(a)中的动词变为被动态，再将(a)中的that分句改为不定式短语，放在被动态后面。能这样用的动词主要有：think,consider,assume,suppose,say,report,acknowledge,feel,believe,find,presume,know,understand,etc.

如果that分句的动词是进行体，这时分句要改为不定式进行体。

Theysupposethatsheiscoming.

→Itissupposedthatsheiscoming.

→Sheissupposedtobecoming.

Theysupposedthatshewascoming.

→Itwassupposedthatshewascoming.

→Shewassupposedtobecoming.

如果that分句的动作或状态发生在主句之前，这时分句要改为不定式完成体。

Peoplefeelthatlittlewasdonetopreventtheaccident

→Itisfeltthatlittlewasdonetopreventtheaccident.

→Littleisfelttohavebeendonetopreventtheaccident.

Theyreportthatbothsideshavereachedanagreement.

→Itisreportedthatbothsideshavereachedanagreement.

→Bothsidesarereportedtohavereachedanagreement.

Peoplethinkthatshewashonest.

→Itisthoughtthatshewashonest.

→Sheisthoughttohavebeenhonest.

短语动词通常被视为一个整体，转化为被动语态时，词组内的介词、副词、名词等不能拆散或省略。

Theoldhousewillbepulleddowntomorrow.

Thelittleboywasmadeuseofbythedrug-pushertocarrydrugsforhim.

Thatsortofthingshouldbedoneawaywith.

Thesportsmeetistobeputoff.

另外，有些短语动词不能用被动语态，如：takeplace,looklike,belongto,dependon,consistof,agreewith等。

Theaccidenttookplaceyesterdayontheexpressway.

Helookslikeanoldman.

Thehonorbelongstous.

Heisthepersontodependon.