Forecasting of Statistics Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed
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ForecastingofStatistics
NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.Therewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightwellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.
[A].wealth.[B].mobility.[C].population.[D].censustakers.
[A].isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience.
[B].hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting.
[C].isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic.
[D].speakswithmathematicalexactitude.
[A].statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman.
[B].statisticsisnotasyetascience.
[C].statisticianslovetheirmachine.
[D].computerishopeful.
[A].Christmas.[B].TheMets.
[C].Moses.[D].RomanCensusTakers.
答案:
A.财富。B.流动性。C.人口调查员。
B.在商业预测方面具有杰出的记录。不对。实际上“平均成功率还低于theMets”
C.既没有希望也不乐观。文内没有提及。只提作者他们半喜半忧离开协会。
D.以数学的精确性来说话。见下道题解释。协会部分人却有此看法“数学精确性。”
A.统计员从罗马时代起就没向前进步过。C.统计员爱计算机。这两项文内没有提到。D.计算机前程远大。文内只讲了有些人怀着兴高采烈的心情大讲新型计算机和非常高级数学“系统”,暗示了计算机大有希望。但不是所有人都这样认为的。最重要的计算机的应用并不能改变这个事实:统计学不是立刻,而是文科。所以B.对。
B.theMets.圣经中率领希伯莱人出埃及的领袖,也作放债的犹太人讲。C.摩西。D.罗马人口调查员。
大学英语四六级考试CET46
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