2016年12月英语四级听力练习(2)思维导图

UNBlamesAfghanWarforAlmost2,600DeathsThisYear

联合国指责阿富汗战争，今年已死亡2600人

TheUnitedNationssaysthewarinAfghanistankilledmorethan2,500Afghanciviliansinthefirstninemonthsof2016.

Morethan5,800otherswerewounded.

TheU.N.AssistanceMissioninAfghanistan(UNAMA)releasedthefindingsonWednesday.TheMissionrepeateditscallforallsidesintheAfghanwartopreventharmtocivilians.

Thenumberofciviliancasualtiesrepresentsaonepercentdecreasefromthesameperiodin2015.However,deathsandinjuriesamongAfghanchildrenincreased.

ChildcasualtiesinAfghanistan

AmissionstatementsaidU.N.officialshavebeendeeplyconcernedabouttherisingnumberofchildcasualtiessince2013.Itsaidthatthemissiondocumented639deathsofAfghanchildreninthefirstninemonthsof2016.

Morethan1,800otherswereinjured.

U.N.officialsblamedTaliban-ledanti-governmentforcesforcausing61percentofallciviliandeaths.

TheTalibanruledmostofAfghanistanfrom1996untillate2001,whenitwasoustedfrompower.TheUnitedStatesanditsalliesraidedthecountryaftertheSeptember11,2001al-Qaidaterrorattacks.TheyaccusedtheTalibanofprovidingsheltertoal-QaidaleaderOsamabinLaden.

Fightingagainstrebelforcescausingmostoftheciviliancasualties

TheU.N.reportnotedthatfightingbetweenAfghanforcesandrebelswastheleadingcauseofciviliancasualtiesthisyear.

Othermajorcausesincludesuicideandcomplexrebelattacks,aswellasimprovisedexplosivedevices(IEDs).

Thereportnoteda72percentincreaseinciviliancasualtiesfromairraidsbypro-governmentforcesthisyear.Itsaidthatinternationalmilitaryforceswereresponsibleforonethirdofthoseraids.

Thereweremorethan11,000conflict-relatedciviliancasualtiesin2015.TheAfghanwarhassinceintensified,withTalibanforcesexpandingtheiractivitiestomanymoreprovincesthisyear.

Inall,U.N.officialsestimatethattheAfghanwarhascaused70,000civiliancasualties.Thatissaidtoincludeover25,000deathssincethecountingbegansevenyearsago.

Displacementofciviliansandreturningcivilians

UNofficialsarealsoworriedabouttherisingnumberofAfghanciviliansdisplacedbytheconflict.TheyhavewarnedthatmorethanonemillionAfghanswillbeonthemovebytheendofthisyear.TheysaythatnumberincludestensofthousandsofAfghanrefugeesreturningmostlyfromnearbyPakistan.

TheU.N.estimatesthat400,000Afghanshavereturnedtothecountrysincethestartoftheyear.

I’mAliceBryant.

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WordsinThisStory

casualty–n.someonewhoisinjuredorkilledinawaroranaccident

improvised–adj.oforrelatedtodoingsomethingwithoutpreparationorbyusingwhateverisavailable