2015英语四级仔细阅读真题练习及答案(5)思维导图

Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsters(年轻人)whohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember.

Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsick，wetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatients—evenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.Thisdeprives(剥夺)thedyingpatientofsignificantfamilymembersduringthelastfewdaysofhislifeanditdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience.

SomeofmycolleaguesandIonceinterviewedandfollowedapproximately500terminallyillpatientsinordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell.Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.

Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients'communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds，fears，andfantasies(幻想).Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly，andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalcondition，andtobetoldwhentheendwasnear.Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.

Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat__.

A.dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath

B.dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheircondition

C.mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneed

D.mostpatientsareunabletoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable

【讲解答案】

B推理题。文章最后一段表明许多病人要求被告知实情，接受现代化的医疗，并告知其死期。那些能够公开地坦诚地被告知的患者能更好地对付死亡的临近，达到接受死亡的境界。因此a、c、d均可排除，B为正确答案。