2015英语四级阅读练习题及答案解析(13)思维导图

Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson'sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson'strueabilityandaptitude.

Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn'tmatterthatyouweren'tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon'tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof'drop-outs':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?

Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson'strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:'Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.'

1.Themainideaofthispassageis______

2.Theauthor'sattitudetowardexaminationsis______

3.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby______

4.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis______

5.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?______

1.knack窍门，诀窍

2.embark乘船，登记

3.writeoff勾销，注销。确认某食物已损失或无效

4.syllabus教学大纲

5.cram塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习(尤指应考)，以注入方式教人

6.duress威胁，逼迫

7.stack堆，垛

8.scrawl写/画(的内容不工整，不仔细)潦草的笔迹，七扭八歪的字

9.script讲稿，剧本，脚本，笔试答卷

10.cynical愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的

11.boildown熬浓，浓缩，归纳

1.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.

2.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.

3.inducecramming

4.Yetyouhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.

5.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.

6.Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.

1.A2.C3.C4.B5.B