2022年6月英语四级作文范文:ModernAmericanUniversity
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2022年6月英语四级作文范文:Modern American University思维导图模板大纲
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ModernAmericanUniversity
Beforethe1850s,theUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.Meanwhile,throughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped.InGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmid-centuryandtheendofthe1800s,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturntobecomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges—Harvard,Yale,Columbia—andtransformthemintomodernuniversities.
Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.DrillingandmemorizingwerereplacedbytheGermanmethodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessorsownresearchwaspresentedinclass.Withtheestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,graduatestudentlearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breakingcompletelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematics,classics,rhetoric,andmusic.
ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheselectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereabletochoosetheirowncourseofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemerged.Thenewgoalwastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseattentiontothepracticalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewsystem.Studentswerealsotrainedaseconomists,architects,agriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.
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