2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization思维导图

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2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization思维导图

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2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization

树图思维导图提供 2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：02e1a90b822cb3149ec62498a298305a

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2018年6月大学英语六级听力常考时文：Suburbanization思维导图模板大纲

1.Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheemergenceoftheindustrialcity?Itwasasamllhighly...

2.Howweregoodsconveyedbeforethesecondquarterofthe19thcentury?By...

3.Whatwasoneofthepurposesofthecitiesappropriatingtheirindustrialneighbors?Toenlargetheir...

4.Whatreinforcedthefirstphaseofmass-scalesuburbanization?Thesimultaneousemergenceof...

Ifby"suburb"ismeantanurbanmarginthatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanizationbeganduringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury.Beforethatperiodthecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart.Buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840‘swerelocatedalongwaterwaysandnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawnbytheprospectofemployment.Intime,thefactoriesweresurroundedbyproliferatingmilltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabuttedtheolder,maincities.Asadefenseagainstthisencroachmentandtoenlargetheirtaxbases,thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors.In1854,forexample,thecityofPhiladelphiaannexedmostofPhiladelphiaCounty.SimilarmunicipalmaneuverstookplaceinChicagoandinNewYork.Indeed,mostgreatcitiesoftheUnitedStatesachievedsuchstatusonlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders.Withtheaccelerationofindustrialgrowthcameacuteurbancrowdingandaccompanyingsocialstress-conditionsthatbegantoapproachdisastrousproportionswhen,in1888,thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulelectrictractionlinewasdeveloped.Withinafewyearsthehorse-drawntrolleyswereretiredandelectricstreetcarnetworkscrisscrossedandconnectedeverymajorurbanarea,fosteringawaveofsuburbanizationthattransformedthecompactindustrialcityintoadispersedmetropolis.Thisfirstphaseofmass-scalesuburbanizationwasreinforcedbythesimultaneousemergenceoftheurbanMiddleClass,whosedesiresforhomeownershipinneighborhoodsfarfromtheaginginnercityweresatisfiedbythedevelopersofsingle-familyhousingtracts.