2012年12月大学英语四级写作方法：语态的隐含意义思维导图

Voice

语态的隐含意义

一般来说，人们写作时只是出于文体或上下文一致的原因，才使用被动语态。及物动词既可能是主动的，又可能是被动的。如果是主语发出的动作，谓语应用主语语态;反之，如果主语是动作施加的对象，谓语则应用被动语态。但事实上，人们更偏爱主动语态，因为它显得突出而直截了当。若谓语采用较弱的被动语态，行为者往往被隐去大名，或显得好像并不重要。然而，当不知道行为者是谁，或者作者想把重点放到动作承受方而不是动作方时，动作本身比采取动作的人更重要，这时就有必要用被动语态了。

WeakPassive:He’llneedtobelookedafter.

StrongActive:He’llneedlookingafter.

WeakPassive:You’regoingtobecoveredfavorablybythepress.

StrongActive:You’regoingtogetfabulouspress.

WeakPassive:DoyourememberwhenNelsonMandelaofSouthAfricawasfreed?

StrongActive:DoyourememberwhenNelsonMandelaofSouthAfricawalkedfree?

WeakPassive:RumorsofabroaderdealbetweenDailmerChryslerandNissanMotorCo.havebeenspreadfarandwide.

StrongActive:RumorsofabroaderdealbetweenDailmerChryslerandNissanMotorCo.havegainedcurrency.

WeakPassive:Hislanguagewastoobadtoberepeated.

StrongActive:Hislanguagewouldn’tbearrepeating.

WeakPassive:Myshoesneedtobemended.

StrongActive:Myshoeswantmending.

WeakPassive:Honeywasgatheredbythebeeasitflittedfromflowertoflower.

StrongActive:Thebee,flittingfromflowertoflower,gatheredhoney.

WeakPassive:Whatawaitshimwhenadoorisopenedbyhimisknownbynoman.Surprisesmaybeharboredineventhemostfamiliarroom.

StrongActive:Nomanknowswhatawaitshimwhenheopensadoor;Eventhemostfamiliarroommayharborsurprises.

WeakPassive:ThegreatchallengeofthisConferenceistogivevoicetowomeneverywherewhoseexperiencesarenotnoticedandwhosewordsarenotheardbytherestoftheworld.

StrongActive:ThegreatchallengeofthisConferenceistogivevoicetowomeneverywherewhoseexperiencesgounnoticedandwhosewordsgounheard.

WeakPassive:Thisprojecthasbeenbenefitedfrommanyoutstandingcontributorswhohaveworkedwithexceptionalcareanddevotion.

StrongActive:Thisprojecthasthebenefitofmanyoutstandingcontributorswhohaveworkedwithexceptionalcareanddevotion.

特殊情况:如果动作的承受方比动作的实施者更为重要，则采用被动语态则更为有力。(目的在于强调行为的承受者或忽略动作的实施者)

GoodPassive:Allthebuildingsweredestroyedduringthebombing

(强调动作的承受者)

GoodPassive:Iresentbeingspokentosorudely.

(说话者对此行为十分反感，并不针对某个人)

GoodPassive:Anypersonwhoattemptstoescapewillbeshot.

(旨在强调)

GoodPassive:ApplesaregrowninMichigan,soareblueberries.

(突出水果)

GoodPassive:Muchhasbeenwrittenandmuchhasbeensaid,butnothinghasbeendone.

(虽然未出现动作的发出者，但被动语态更可取)

GoodPassive:ScottFitzgeraldhadwrittenthathiscontemporariesgrewup"tofindallGodsdead,allwarsfought,allfaithsinmanshaken."

(斜体字部分的被动语气用作形容词，可与"dead"保持平行)

大学英语四、六级考试---四级写作备考资料