2012年12月大学英语四级写作方法:语态的隐含意义 Stylish English has… Variety Brevity is not always a virtue 变化才是真 简短未必是美德 许多人将简洁与简短混为一
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2012年12月大学英语四级写作方法:变化才是真思维导图模板大纲
StylishEnglishhas…
VarietyBrevityisnotalwaysavirtue
变化才是真
简短未必是美德
许多人将简洁与简短混为一谈,其实二有很大区别。简洁的主旨是用尽量少的词汇讲述整个故事,简短的主旨则是为保持文章篇幅短小,精心撰写或随意删除文中的某些词语或章节。
简洁并不意味着总写短句子。事实上,如果句式缺乏变化,文章就会显得支离破碎,缺少联系,让人觉得写作技巧贫乏。句式的变化能令文章协调而流畅,会让读者感觉到作者对主题把握得游刃有余。虽然短句没什么语法错误,但用得太多会使本应合在一起的意思分离开来。
记住:不要使用一串串短的、支离破碎的句子。要理清自己的思路,尽量使句子长度有所变化。
例:
Before:TheArtofStrategywaswrittenbySunTzu.Itisafifty-six-hundred-wordChineseclassicalwork.Thewriterputforthasetofprinciplesinaverytightlycompressedmanner.Theydealwithhowtodefeatoppositionsandwinbattles.
这种表达的问题在于:
(1)简单的“主语+谓语”结构太多;
(2)"written"和"writer","TheArtofStrategy"和"It","setofprinciples"和"they"为重复用语;
(3)读起来很单调。
After:Inhisfifty-six-hundredwordclassic,TheArtofStrategy,SunTzuputforthatightlycompressedsetofprinciplesforachievingtriumphoveropposition.
介词结构+同位语+主语+谓语的形式比较好,因为将"SunTzu"放到了最重要成分-主语的位置,其他成分按逻辑排序居次要地位。整个句子很流畅。
再看下面各例
Choppy:Ofcourse,theweaponsatSunTzu’stimewerequiteprimitive.Thearmieswereverylarge.TheywerenearlyaslargeasthoseinWorldWarTwo.ThedevastationandhumansufferingswerejustasprofoundasinWorldWarTwo.
Better:ComparedwithWorldWarTwo,theweaponsatSunTzu’stimewerequiteprimitive,butthearmieswerenearlyaslargeandthedevastationandhumansufferingjustasprofound.
Choppy:Proverbsareshortsayings.Theyaredrawnfromlongexperience.
Better:Proverbsareshortsayingsdrawnfromlongexperience.
Choppy:Peoplechangeandplaceschangeaswell.Jenniferfeltthisstrongly.Shehadbeenawayforelevenyears.
Better:Onreturningafteraneleven-yearabsence,Jenniferhadastrongfeelingofhowpeopleandplaceschange.
Choppy:Beijingstreetsarecrowdedwithtaxis,companycarsandprivatevehiclesownedbythenewlyaffluent.Thenumberhasbeenrisingrapidlyinthelastfewyears.Thelateststatisticsshowtherearenow1.2millionvehiclesinBeijingalone.
Better:Taxis,companycarsandprivatevehiclesownedbythenewlyaffluenthavecrammedBeijingstreetsinrisingnumbersinthelastfewyears-1.2millionvehiclesatlastcount.
Choppy:MobyDickisabook.Itisalongbook.Itisaboutawhale.AmannamedAhabtriestokillit.HermanMelvillewroteit.
Better:HermanMelvillewrotealongbookcalledMobyDick.Itisthestoryofastruggleofamanagainstawhale.
Choppy:Thousandsofbuildingsmetthesamefate.Thisaloneisnowbeingpreserved.Itmarksthecenterofthenuclearexplosion.Itisbeingpreservedasasymbol.ItsymbolizesourwishthattherebenomoreHiroshimas.
Better:Ofthethousandsofbuildingsthatmetthesamefate,thisalone,markingthecenterofthenuclearexplosion,isnowbeingpreservedtosymbolizeourwishthattherebenomoreHiroshimas.
Choppy:Ihavealwayshadadream.Mydreamhasbeentobeafamouswriter.Everyonewouldreadmybooks.Iwouldbecomeverywealthy.
Better:Ihavealwaysdreamedofbeingawealthy,famouswriter,readbyeveryone.
Choppy:Thisisawreck.ItwasformerlythestatelyImperialGarden.Itispreserveddeliberatelyasareminderandsymbol.
Better:Thiswreck,formerlythestatelyImperialGarden,ispreserveddeliberatelyasareminderandsymbol.