大学英语四级美文欣赏：全球垃圾处理速度思维导图

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：全球垃圾处理速度思维导图

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2023-03-17 14:34:11

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　　Five hundred tonnesof Christmas tree lights and at least 25m bags of plastic sweet wrappers, turkey coverings, drinks bottles and broken toys will be thrown away by UK homes this

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FivehundredtonnesofChristmastreelightsandatleast25mbagsofplasticsweetwrappers,turkeycoverings,drinksbottlesandbrokentoyswillbethrownawaybyUKhomesthisChristmasandnewyear.Butonlyatinyproportionofthiswastewillberecycled.

Evenatothertimesofyear,onlyalittleunderaquarteroftheUK'splasticwasteisrecycled,butoverthefestiveperiodstilllessescapesthetipaccordingtoasurveybyhomedrinksmakerSodaStream.Globally,recyclingofplasticsisevensmaller.

TheoutcomeisabeliefthattheEarthisbeingslowlystrangledbyagaudycoatofimpermeableplasticwastethatcollectsingreatfloatingislandsintheworld'soceans;clogsupcanalsandrivers;andisswallowedbyanimals,birdsandseacreatures.

clogup堵塞；阻塞

Inmanypartsofthedevelopingworlditactsasanearubiquitousoutdoordecoration,alongroadsinIndia,aroundvillagesinAfricaandflutteringofffencesacrossLatinAmerica.Andwhenitisnotpilingup,itisoftenburnedintheopen,releasingnoxioussmoke.

pileup堆积；堆放起来

noxious有毒的；有害的

Therearenoglobalfiguresonthetruescaleoftheproblembut,accordingtoPlasticsEurope,theEuropeantradeassociationforplasticsmanufacturers,265mtonnesofplasticareproducedgloballyeachyear.IntheUK,abouttwothirdsofthisisforpackaging;globally,thiswouldtranslateto170mtonnesofplasticlargelycreatedtobedisposedofafteroneuse.

disposeof处理；解决

EvenatthealmostunmatchedEUrecyclingrateof33%,twothirdsofthat–ormorethan113mtonnes–wouldendupinlandfill,beingburnedorclutteringuptheenvironment.Suchafigure,almostcertainlyahugeunderestimate,wouldbeenoughtocoverthe48contiguousstatesoftheUSinplasticfoodwrapping.IftheworldrecycledpackagingattheratetheUSdoes,15%,itwouldgeneratemorethanenoughplastictocoverChinainplasticwrap.Everyyear.

clutterup使杂乱；堆满；塞满contiguousadj.相邻的；邻近的

generate产生；导致；引起

AfewyearsagotheUKwasseizedwithworryaboutplasticbags:communitieswent"plastic-bagfree"andthethenprimeminister,GordonBrown,announcedhewouldtalktoretailersaboutphasingthemout.Intheabsenceofmuchchange,hissuccessor,DavidCameron,recentlyre-raisedtheideaofanationallevy.Inresponse,theplasticsindustryarguesthatthealternativeswouldbeevenmorewastefulintermsofgreenhousegasemissions.

beseizedwith被（强烈的情感、愿望等）影响

phaseout使逐渐停止；逐步淘汰

intheabsenceof缺乏；无…时

alternativeadj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的n.替换物；供替代的选择

intermsof依据；按照；在…方面

greenhousegasemissions温室气体排放

Whatwouldaworldwithoutplasticlooklike?Earlierthisyear,Austria-basedenvironmentalconsultancyDenkstattimaginedsuchaworld,wherefarmers,retailersandconsumersusewood,tins,glassbottlesandjars,andcardboardtocovertheirgoods.Itfoundthemassofpackagingwouldincreaseby3.6times,itwouldtakemorethandoubletheenergytomakeandthegreenhousegasesgeneratedwouldbe2.7timeshigher.

themassof大多数

Tounderstandthis,considerthepropertiesofplasticthatmakeitsoattractive:itisdurable,flexible,itdoesnotshatter,itcanbreathe(ornot)anditisextremelylightweight.Asaresult,foodanddrinkareprotectedfromdamageandkeptforlengthsoftimepreviouslyunimaginable.

TheEuropeanPackagingandFilmsAssociation(Pafa)saysaveragespoilageoffoodbetweenharvestandtableis3%inthedevelopedworld,comparedwith50%indevelopingcountries,whereplasticpallets,crates,trays,filmandbagsarenotsowidespread.Oncethefoodreachespeople'shomes,itslifespanisalsoincreased–forashrinkwrappedcucumber,fromtwoto14days.

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