大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品思维导图
The first law of home economics states that the amount of food in a supermarket trolleyrises in direct proportion to the shopper's hunger level. supermarket trolley 超市购
树图思维导图提供 大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品 在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对 大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品 进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：0247dc72f71e617b9e104ff1d3537613
思维导图大纲
大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品思维导图模板大纲
Thefirstlawofhomeeconomicsstatesthattheamountoffoodinasupermarkettrolleyrisesindirectproportiontotheshopper'shungerlevel.
supermarkettrolley超市购物手推车
beindirectproportionto与……成正比
Butwhilethedangeriswellknowntoshopperswhoventureoutonanemptystomach,howtheproblemarisesinthebrainhasremainedamystery.
ventureout探险；冒险出去
Inanewstudyofhunger'seffectsonthemind,neuroscientistspiecedtogetherwhathappensinthebrainthatmakesusbuymorefoodwhenwearefamished.
effecton对……的作用
piecetogether拼凑；七拼八凑
Thefindingspointtowaysofovercomingthetemptationsofthefoodaislesandthrowfreshlightontheriseofobesityoverthepast30years.
throwlighton使……显得清楚；阐明
Fromaseriesofbrainscansonvolunteers,theresearchersshowedthatahungerhormonetriggeredactivityinthebrainthatmadepeoplepaymoreforjunkfoodthanusual.Equippedwiththisknowledge,shoppersshouldbeabletooverridetheurgeandsticktomorehealthyshopping,thescientistssaid.
"Youshouldnevermakedecisionsaboutfoodwhenyouarestarving.Whenyougotothesupermarkethungry,thefoodyouaredrawntoishigh-caloriejunkfood,"saidDrAlainDagher,aneurologistattheMontrealNeurologicalInstitute."Youassignwaytoomuchvaluetocaloriesandsowaytoolittletohealthandotherthings."
DagherandhiscolleagueDebTangrecruited29volunteersforthestudyand,askedthemtoratehowmuchtheylikedvariousitemsoffood,fromchocolatecookiesandpotatocrispstoapplesandcarrots.
recruitv.招募
Thescientistsnextputthevolunteersinabrainscannerandhadthembiduptofivedollarsatimeforfoodandotherobjects,suchasbaseballcapsandT-shirts,thatflasheduponascreen.
Aftereachvolunteerhadbidfor300items,onebidwastakenandcomparedwithacounterbidgeneratedatrandombyacomputer.Ifthevolunteerbidthemost,theygottoeatthefoodorkeeptheitematstake.
atrandom随机的；任意的
atstake在紧要关头
Eachpersontookthetesttwiceovertwodaysandbeforehandreceivedeitheraninjectionofghrelin,ahungerhormonethatisreleasedbythestomach,orashotofsalineasacontrol.Theghrelinjabmadevolunteersravenousforonetotwohours.
Unsurprisingly,thehungryvolunteersbidconsistentlymoreforfoodandlessforinedibleitemsthanthevolunteerswhohadthesalinejab.Thehungrypeoplewerewillingtospendanaverageof$2.09forfoodand$1.32forotherobjects,butonsalinebidonly$1.82forfoodand$1.58fortheinedibleitems.
Thescientiststracedthebehaviourtoincreasedactivityinabrainregioncalledtheventromedialprefrontalcortex,whichisinvolvedinmotivationandreward.
"Ghrelinseemstoincreasetheamountyouarewillingtopayforfoodthroughthisareaofthebrain.Wethinkthisiswhyyouassigngreatervaluetothefoodwhenyouarehungry,"Daghersaid.TheresearchwaspresentedattheSocietyforNeurosciencemeetinginWashingtonDC.
Butthestudyfoundthatpeopledidnotsimplypaymoreforfoodstheyliked.Instead,thehigherbidswereforthehigh-caloriejunkfoods.
"Whenyouarehungryyouassignwaytoomuchvaluetocaloriesandsowaytoolittletohealthandotherthings,"Daghersaid.
Dagherbelievesthatsimplybeingawareofthewaythebrainworkscouldhelppeopleovercometheurgetobuyjunkfoodwhentheyarehungry."Wehavethisintrinsicvaluesystembutwecanoverrideitwithourminds,"hesaid.
Thefindingssupportevidencethatshowsskippingmealstoloseweightcanbecounterproductive."Ifyoumissmeals,youtendtogainweightbecauseyougethungrierandeatcaloricallydensefoods,"Daghersaid.
skipmeals不吃饭
counterproductiveadj.起反作用的；使达不到预期目标的
caloricallydensefood高热量食物
"Themainreasonfortheincreaseinobesityoverthepast30yearsisthecostoffood.Whenyoulookatanitemofhigh-caloriefood,itscostislow,soyou'remorelikelytobuyit.Andonceyouhaveboughtit,youaremorelikelytoconsumeit.
"Theproblemisthedecision-makingbeforeyouevensitdowntoyourmeal.That'swhereyouhavelostthebattle,"Daghersaid.
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