大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品思维导图

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品思维导图

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2023-03-17 14:34:15

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　　The first law of home economics states that the amount of food in a supermarket trolleyrises in direct proportion to the shopper's hunger level. 　　supermarket trolley 超市购

树图思维导图提供大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品在线思维导图免费制作，点击“编辑”按钮，可对大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品进行在线思维导图编辑，本思维导图属于思维导图模板主题，文件编号是：0247dc72f71e617b9e104ff1d3537613

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大学英语四级美文欣赏：饥饿让大脑偏向垃圾食品思维导图模板大纲

Thefirstlawofhomeeconomicsstatesthattheamountoffoodinasupermarkettrolleyrisesindirectproportiontotheshopper'shungerlevel.

supermarkettrolley超市购物手推车

beindirectproportionto与……成正比

Butwhilethedangeriswellknowntoshopperswhoventureoutonanemptystomach,howtheproblemarisesinthebrainhasremainedamystery.

ventureout探险；冒险出去

Inanewstudyofhunger'seffectsonthemind,neuroscientistspiecedtogetherwhathappensinthebrainthatmakesusbuymorefoodwhenwearefamished.

effecton对……的作用

piecetogether拼凑；七拼八凑

Thefindingspointtowaysofovercomingthetemptationsofthefoodaislesandthrowfreshlightontheriseofobesityoverthepast30years.

throwlighton使……显得清楚；阐明

Fromaseriesofbrainscansonvolunteers,theresearchersshowedthatahungerhormonetriggeredactivityinthebrainthatmadepeoplepaymoreforjunkfoodthanusual.Equippedwiththisknowledge,shoppersshouldbeabletooverridetheurgeandsticktomorehealthyshopping,thescientistssaid.

"Youshouldnevermakedecisionsaboutfoodwhenyouarestarving.Whenyougotothesupermarkethungry,thefoodyouaredrawntoishigh-caloriejunkfood,"saidDrAlainDagher,aneurologistattheMontrealNeurologicalInstitute."Youassignwaytoomuchvaluetocaloriesandsowaytoolittletohealthandotherthings."

DagherandhiscolleagueDebTangrecruited29volunteersforthestudyand,askedthemtoratehowmuchtheylikedvariousitemsoffood,fromchocolatecookiesandpotatocrispstoapplesandcarrots.

recruitv.招募

Thescientistsnextputthevolunteersinabrainscannerandhadthembiduptofivedollarsatimeforfoodandotherobjects,suchasbaseballcapsandT-shirts,thatflasheduponascreen.

Aftereachvolunteerhadbidfor300items,onebidwastakenandcomparedwithacounterbidgeneratedatrandombyacomputer.Ifthevolunteerbidthemost,theygottoeatthefoodorkeeptheitematstake.

atrandom随机的；任意的

atstake在紧要关头

Eachpersontookthetesttwiceovertwodaysandbeforehandreceivedeitheraninjectionofghrelin,ahungerhormonethatisreleasedbythestomach,orashotofsalineasacontrol.Theghrelinjabmadevolunteersravenousforonetotwohours.

Unsurprisingly,thehungryvolunteersbidconsistentlymoreforfoodandlessforinedibleitemsthanthevolunteerswhohadthesalinejab.Thehungrypeoplewerewillingtospendanaverageof$2.09forfoodand$1.32forotherobjects,butonsalinebidonly$1.82forfoodand$1.58fortheinedibleitems.

Thescientiststracedthebehaviourtoincreasedactivityinabrainregioncalledtheventromedialprefrontalcortex,whichisinvolvedinmotivationandreward.

"Ghrelinseemstoincreasetheamountyouarewillingtopayforfoodthroughthisareaofthebrain.Wethinkthisiswhyyouassigngreatervaluetothefoodwhenyouarehungry,"Daghersaid.TheresearchwaspresentedattheSocietyforNeurosciencemeetinginWashingtonDC.

Butthestudyfoundthatpeopledidnotsimplypaymoreforfoodstheyliked.Instead,thehigherbidswereforthehigh-caloriejunkfoods.

"Whenyouarehungryyouassignwaytoomuchvaluetocaloriesandsowaytoolittletohealthandotherthings,"Daghersaid.

Dagherbelievesthatsimplybeingawareofthewaythebrainworkscouldhelppeopleovercometheurgetobuyjunkfoodwhentheyarehungry."Wehavethisintrinsicvaluesystembutwecanoverrideitwithourminds,"hesaid.

Thefindingssupportevidencethatshowsskippingmealstoloseweightcanbecounterproductive."Ifyoumissmeals,youtendtogainweightbecauseyougethungrierandeatcaloricallydensefoods,"Daghersaid.

skipmeals不吃饭

counterproductiveadj.起反作用的；使达不到预期目标的

caloricallydensefood高热量食物

"Themainreasonfortheincreaseinobesityoverthepast30yearsisthecostoffood.Whenyoulookatanitemofhigh-caloriefood,itscostislow,soyou'remorelikelytobuyit.Andonceyouhaveboughtit,youaremorelikelytoconsumeit.

"Theproblemisthedecision-makingbeforeyouevensitdowntoyourmeal.That'swhereyouhavelostthebattle,"Daghersaid.

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