国际英语交流思维导图
国际英语交流详解
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思维导图大纲
国际英语交流思维导图模板大纲
unit1
cultural iceberg
what is culture
culture is made of explicit and impilicit patterns.
these patterns come to us through historical influence and selected ideas.
selected ideas are what makes culture dynamic ;we shape culture.
culture and us affect each other
culture is the shared assumptions,values,and beliefs of a group of people which result in characteristic behaviors.
many of our behaviors are neither random or spur of the moment.
dimensions of culture
visible
invisible
may manifest themselves in visible way.
unit2
partA:universal,cultural or personal
universal needs
all human beings share needs
material
non-material
cultural needs
personal needs
we choose which parts of the cultural pattern we accept OR deny.
these choices make cultural dynamic
partB:beyond national culture
national culture
subculture
may be the mainstream culture in some places
regional culture
regional diffrences
mainstream culture
may be the subculture in some places
unit3
ethnocentrism
the evaluation of other cultures acccording to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's culture.
thinking your culture is better.
interpretation VS description
everyone has an interpretation framework that shaps how we see the world(sometimes called worldview)
1st culture framework
from
we are taught behavioral "norms"
helpus in our 1st cultural context
doesn't work in others
avoid jumping to conclusion
wrong conclusion can lead to wrong impression
see a behavior-make an interpretation-make a value judement is wrong
unit4
cultural bifocals
help us to see the world from multiple perspectives
see a culture in it's own terms
acknowledge and reflect-imagine-assume positive intent-be informed-be observant
giving the benifit of the doubt
the state of accepting something/someone as honest or deserving of trust even though there are doubts.
imagine posibilities
teh usefulness of cultural orientation scalse
generalizations
gradient
relative
unit5
generalizations
shared knowledge
shared values
shared perspectives
shared beliefs
shared behavior
stereotypes
ofen negatively and evaluative
have in common
according to patterns of behaviors,as well as typical customs and values
differences
whether gives room for variety,descriptive or evaluative,objective or subjective,flaxible or not,open or resistant to adding new information,starting point or barrier ,overgeneralizations are stereotypes
hedging devices
avoid over-generalization
soften your claims when you are not 100% certain
still be able to demenstrate patterns and make some claims.
don't hedge too much
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